具有高可靠性的数字化大功率电力电子集成模块研究与应用

发布时间：2018-10-21 19:33

【摘要】：随着电力电子技术在大功率应用场合的不断拓展与成熟,工业界对高功率、高可靠性的通用型半导体功率模块单元的需求也与日俱增。当前,绝缘栅门极晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator, IGBT)在中、低压大功率电力电子装置中得到了广泛的应用。本文对具有高可靠性的基于多IGBT模块并联的数字化大功率电力电子集成模块的若干关键技术进行了深入研究。在总结了IGBT的相关基本特性的基础上,本文研究了当前基于IGBT并联的高功率模块单元的驱动与保护策略,并对其进行了分类、对比与总结。进而,旨在能够实现动态、静态均流,过压、短路以及过温保护功能,设计了IGBT并联的数字化驱动与保护方案。针对大功率变流器应用中半导体器件关断尖峰电压较为严重的问题,在分析了关断尖峰电压产生原因的基础上,提出了一种基于数字控制的关断尖峰电压抑制技术。相关实验验证了设计方法与技术的有效性。常规功率模块应用中,连线数量随着模块数量增加而大幅增加,这不仅给实施带来了难度,并且降低了系统的可靠性,为此,本文引入了环路通信的概念。设计了基于单光纤高速环路通信的主电路拓扑结构。基于此拓扑,确定了环路通信的通信协议,使其能够满足单光纤高速通信的需求。分析研究了正常通信模式与故障判断与处理策略。对环路通信方式引入的通信延时进行了分析,并给出了通过软件实现延时矫正与多模块时间延时一致性的方法。通过以上各种手段,最终实现了具有较大潜在应用价值、高可靠性的单光纤环路通信整体策略。实验结果说明了此策略的可行性与实用性。大功率变流器装置的可靠运行关乎电力电子装置能否在大功率场合成功应用,可靠性问题一直是业界研究的重点与难点。本文对变流器装置核心单元变流器模块的电磁兼容性(Electro Magnetic Compatibility, EMC)问题进行了分析与设计。围绕变流器模块,对共模、差模干扰的干扰源、传导路径及干扰程度进行了分析。在此基础上,对共模、差模干扰的抑制技术进行了分析与探讨,以期能够以较小的代价、最大限度的对干扰进行有效的抑制,提高其可靠性。仿真与实验结果验证了分析方法的正确性,运用此分析方法对工程实践中干扰问题的解决说明了相关抑制技术的有效性。最后,对大功率电力电子功率集成模块(Power Electronic Building Block, PEBB)进行了试制,并将其运用到大功率电力电子装置中。长时间的满功率连续运行验证了所制模块具有较高的可靠性。对于更高的功率应用场合,通常会对变流器装置进行并联应用,本文对并联系统进行了建模,研究了输出电流一致性与各个相关因素之间的关系并据此给出了提高电流一致性、抑制环流的基本方法。实验结果验证了变流器模块设计及并联应用电流一致性分析的正确性与有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development and maturity of power electronics technology in high-power applications, the demand for high-power, high-reliability general-purpose semiconductor power modules is increasing. At present, the insulated gate transistor (Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator, IGBT) has been widely used in low-voltage and high-power electronic devices. In this paper, some key technologies of high reliability digital high power electronic integration module based on parallel connection of multiple IGBT modules are studied. On the basis of summarizing the basic characteristics of IGBT, this paper studies the drive and protection strategy of high power module unit based on IGBT parallel connection, and classifies, compares and summarizes it. Furthermore, in order to realize the protection function of dynamic, static current sharing, overvoltage, short circuit and over-temperature protection, the digital drive and protection scheme of IGBT parallel connection is designed. In order to solve the serious problem of switching off peak voltage of semiconductor devices in the application of high power converters, a digital control technology of switching off peak voltage suppression is proposed on the basis of analyzing the causes of turn-off peak voltage. The effectiveness of the design method and technology is verified by relevant experiments. In the application of conventional power modules, the number of connections increases greatly with the increase of the number of modules, which not only brings difficulty to the implementation, but also reduces the reliability of the system. Therefore, the concept of loop communication is introduced in this paper. The main circuit topology based on single fiber high speed loop communication is designed. Based on this topology, the communication protocol of loop communication is determined to satisfy the demand of single fiber high speed communication. The normal communication mode and fault judgment and handling strategy are analyzed and studied. The communication delay introduced in the loop communication mode is analyzed, and the method to realize the consistency between the delay correction and the multi-module time delay through software is given. Finally, a single fiber loop communication strategy with great potential application value and high reliability is realized through the above methods. The experimental results show the feasibility and practicability of the strategy. The reliable operation of high-power converter devices is related to the successful application of power electronic devices in high-power applications. The reliability problem has always been the focus and difficulty of industry research. In this paper, the electromagnetic compatibility (Electro Magnetic Compatibility, EMC) problem of converter module is analyzed and designed. The interference source, conduction path and interference degree of common-mode and differential mode interference are analyzed around the converter module. On this basis, the common mode and differential mode interference suppression techniques are analyzed and discussed in order to effectively suppress interference at a lower cost and improve its reliability. The simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the analysis method, and the effectiveness of the related suppression techniques is demonstrated by solving the interference problem in engineering practice. Finally, the high power integration module (Power Electronic Building Block, PEBB) is developed and applied to high power electronic devices. The reliability of the module is verified by long time full power continuous operation. For higher power applications, converters are usually applied in parallel. In this paper, the parallel system is modeled, and the relationship between output current consistency and various related factors is studied, and the improvement of current consistency is given. The basic method of restraining circulation. The experimental results verify the correctness and validity of the design of converter module and the analysis of current consistency in parallel applications.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM46

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