无刷直流电机机械特性快速测试理论及方法研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 18:11

【摘要】：无刷直流电机由于它的高可靠度、高效率、输出扭矩大、宽调速和稳态转速误差小等优点，在汽车、通讯设备、办公用品、工业控制以及航空航天等行业都有广泛的应用，带动了无刷直流电机产业迅速发展。在电机的生产过程中，电机性能测试是确保电机质量的有效手段。无刷直流电机快速、准确的特性测试技术成为人们关注的热点。本文以现代信号分析技术为基础，根据电机换相理论提出了电机机械特性快速测试方法，论文通过理论仿真和实验，验证了测试方法的可行性。论文还探讨了快速测试方法的实际应用技术。本文首先对无刷直流电机的结构及工作原理进行详细分析，建立了数学模型。本文利用Matlab/simulink建立了电机启动过程模型，对其进行了仿真分析，得到了电机的换相过程中重要参数的变化特征，其主要内容包括：分析了电机启动过程中电流的变化特点、电流与电机换相频率之间的关系、转矩波动、转子位置传感器在电机换向中的作用等，据此，本文提出了一种基于电机固有位置传感器的MSSA机械特性快速测试方法，并将其与基于MCSA的电机机械特性快速测试方法进行了比较分析。其次，本文对机械特性快速测试方法中的信号处理方法进行了理论研究。针对无刷直流电机空载启动各信号的非平稳性，论文重点研究了小波分析算法、小波脊线与HHT变换算法，以对电机电流信号及转子位置信号消噪及瞬时特征量的提取。最后，本文对无刷直流电机机械特性快速测试理论及方法设计了试验验证系统，，完成了相关的实验验证。本文搭建了实验所需的试验台架，制作了电机信号采集电路。通过Labview编写的人机交互界面，实现了信号的采集、分析与显示。实验时，本文将转速-转矩传感器对电机的机械特性测试结果作为基准值，对所提出的快速测试方法及理论进行了验证，分析了测试误差。作为测试理论及方法实际应用的探索，本文还从电机转动惯量在线测试、基于Labview的测试系统设计、测试性能评价等几方面进行了研究，给出了满足生产实际要求的测试系统设计方法。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor has been widely used in automobile, communication equipment, office supplies, industrial control, aerospace and other industries because of its high reliability, high efficiency, large output torque, wide speed regulation and small error of steady speed. Drive brushless DC motor industry to develop rapidly. In the process of motor production, motor performance testing is an effective means to ensure the quality of motor. Brushless DC motor fast and accurate characteristic testing technology has become the focus of attention. Based on the modern signal analysis technology and the theory of motor commutation, a fast testing method for mechanical characteristics of motor is proposed in this paper. The feasibility of the test method is verified by theoretical simulation and experiment. The paper also discusses the practical application technology of the fast test method. In this paper, the structure and working principle of brushless DC motor are analyzed in detail, and the mathematical model is established. In this paper, the starting process model of motor is established by using Matlab/simulink, and the characteristics of the important parameters in the process of commutation are obtained. The main contents are as follows: the characteristics of current change in the starting process of motor are analyzed. Based on the relationship between current and commutation frequency, torque ripple, the role of rotor position sensor in motor commutation, a fast testing method for mechanical characteristics of MSSA based on motor inherent position sensor is presented in this paper. It is compared with the fast testing method of motor mechanical characteristics based on MCSA. Secondly, the signal processing method in the fast testing method of mechanical characteristics is studied theoretically. Aiming at the non-stationarity of brushless DC motor's no-load starting signals, wavelet analysis algorithm, wavelet ridge and HHT transform algorithm are studied in this paper to remove noise and extract instantaneous characteristic of motor current signal and rotor position signal. Finally, the theory and method of rapid testing of brushless DC motor mechanical characteristics are designed and the experimental verification system is completed. In this paper, the experimental platform is built, and the signal acquisition circuit of the motor is made. The signal acquisition, analysis and display are realized through the man-machine interface written by Labview. In the experiment, the test results of the mechanical characteristics of the motor by the rotational speed and torque sensor are taken as the reference value, the proposed fast testing method and the theory are verified, and the testing error is analyzed. As an exploration of practical application of testing theory and method, this paper also studies the on-line testing of motor inertia, the design of test system based on Labview, and the evaluation of test performance. The design method of test system to meet the requirement of production is given.
【学位授予单位】：中国计量学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33

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