蓄电池组均衡器及均衡策略研究
发布时间：2018-10-31 08:00
【摘要】：目前能源危机和环境污染严重威胁着人类的生存和可持续发展，为缓解能源危机和维护人类的生存环境，人们一方面大规模开发和利用太阳能和风能等新能源进行发电；另一方面大力开发和生产以电能为主要能源的电动车辆等交通工具，以实现车辆尾气的零排放。为了保证蓄电池安全、可靠的使用，以及提高成组后蓄电池的性能，电池管理系统成为风光储能蓄电池系统和电动车辆动力蓄电池系统的关键技术，而电池均衡管理更是电池管理系统的核心技术和当前研究的重点。结合这一背景，本论文主要针对蓄电池组均衡器及均衡策略展开研究。主要内容包括以下几部分： 1）阐述了动力蓄电池和储能蓄电池的发展现状和市场应用动态。在分析各种蓄电池基础上，对电池管理系统的各部分功能进行了简要概述。电池均衡管理为电池管理系统的关键技术之一，本文对目前存在的几种典型的蓄电池均衡方案进行了综述，分析了各种均衡方案的优缺点。 2）论文提出了一种基于LC振荡电路的新的均衡拓扑电路，利用LC振荡电路提高电容的电压，从而克服了单独以电容为储能元件的均衡方案能量转移困难的缺陷。由于上述均衡电路损耗大，均衡电流不易控制，在此基础上对上述均衡电路进行了改进，仿真实验证明改进后的均衡电路的能量转移效率明显提高。论文对已有的基于cuk的均衡电路进行了改进，将开关器件的数目减小一倍，开关器件的驱动电路大大简化。 3）论文提出了一种电池组内均衡充放电均衡器，它由桥式开关矩阵和一个电感组成，均衡能量在电池组内部的各个单体电池之间转移，均衡电流可控，被均衡的单体电池可选，且均衡能量是双向的。为了进一步提高电池组的放电容量，使均衡器更易实现，，在上述均衡器中引入电源，提出了电池组充电内均衡和放电外均衡均衡器，电池放电时的均衡策略改变，均衡能量来自电池组外部的均衡器。为了简化充电均衡电路的开关控制，在电池组充电内均衡和放电外均衡均衡器中加入了一个续流二极管，提出了电池组外均衡充放电均衡器，均衡能量在电池组和均衡器之间双向转移，开关控制更简单、均衡器更易实现。 4）采用电池组外均衡充放电均衡器及均衡策略，对四个串联的磷酸铁锂电池进行了充放电均衡实验，实验结果表明各个单体电池的不一致程度大大改善，并且整个电池组的充放电容量也得到了提高。
[Abstract]:The current energy crisis and environmental pollution seriously threaten the survival and sustainable development of mankind. In order to alleviate the energy crisis and maintain the human living environment, on the one hand, people develop and utilize new energy such as solar energy and wind energy to generate electricity on a large scale. On the other hand, we develop and produce electric vehicles with electric energy as the main energy, so as to achieve zero emission of vehicle exhaust. In order to ensure the safe and reliable use of batteries, and improve the performance of the battery, battery management system has become the key technology of solar energy storage battery system and electric vehicle power battery system. Battery balance management is the core technology of battery management system and the focus of current research. Based on this background, this thesis mainly focuses on the equalizer and equalization strategy of battery group. The main contents are as follows: 1) the development status and market application of power battery and energy storage battery are described. Based on the analysis of various batteries, the functions of each part of the battery management system are briefly summarized. Battery balance management is one of the key technologies of battery management system. In this paper, several typical battery equalization schemes are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. 2) A new equalization topology circuit based on LC oscillation circuit is proposed in this paper. The LC oscillation circuit is used to increase the voltage of the capacitor, which overcomes the difficulty of energy transfer in the equalization scheme which takes the capacitor as the energy storage element alone. Due to the loss of the equalization circuit is large and the equalization current is difficult to control, the energy transfer efficiency of the improved equalization circuit is obviously improved by the simulation experiment. In this paper, the existing equalization circuit based on cuk is improved, the number of switch devices is reduced by twice, and the drive circuit of switch device is greatly simplified. 3) A balanced charging and discharging equalizer is proposed, which consists of a bridge switch matrix and an inductor. The equalization energy is transferred between the individual cells in the battery pack, and the equalization current is controllable. The balanced single cell is optional, and the equalization energy is bidirectional. In order to further improve the discharge capacity of the battery pack and make the equalizer easier to be realized, the power supply is introduced into the equalizer, and the equalizer inside and outside the battery charge is proposed, and the equalization strategy of the battery during discharge is changed. The equalization energy comes from the equalizer outside the battery pack. In order to simplify the switch control of the charging equalization circuit, a rechargeable diode is added to the internal equalization and discharge external equalizer of the battery pack, and a charging and discharging equalizer outside the battery pack is proposed. The equalization energy transfers between the battery pack and the equalizer, the switch control is simpler, and the equalizer is easier to realize. 4) the charging and discharging equalization experiments of four lithium iron phosphate batteries in series were carried out by using the equalizer and equalization strategy. The experimental results show that the inconsistency of each single cell is greatly improved. The charge and discharge capacity of the whole battery pack has also been improved.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM912
[Abstract]:The current energy crisis and environmental pollution seriously threaten the survival and sustainable development of mankind. In order to alleviate the energy crisis and maintain the human living environment, on the one hand, people develop and utilize new energy such as solar energy and wind energy to generate electricity on a large scale. On the other hand, we develop and produce electric vehicles with electric energy as the main energy, so as to achieve zero emission of vehicle exhaust. In order to ensure the safe and reliable use of batteries, and improve the performance of the battery, battery management system has become the key technology of solar energy storage battery system and electric vehicle power battery system. Battery balance management is the core technology of battery management system and the focus of current research. Based on this background, this thesis mainly focuses on the equalizer and equalization strategy of battery group. The main contents are as follows: 1) the development status and market application of power battery and energy storage battery are described. Based on the analysis of various batteries, the functions of each part of the battery management system are briefly summarized. Battery balance management is one of the key technologies of battery management system. In this paper, several typical battery equalization schemes are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. 2) A new equalization topology circuit based on LC oscillation circuit is proposed in this paper. The LC oscillation circuit is used to increase the voltage of the capacitor, which overcomes the difficulty of energy transfer in the equalization scheme which takes the capacitor as the energy storage element alone. Due to the loss of the equalization circuit is large and the equalization current is difficult to control, the energy transfer efficiency of the improved equalization circuit is obviously improved by the simulation experiment. In this paper, the existing equalization circuit based on cuk is improved, the number of switch devices is reduced by twice, and the drive circuit of switch device is greatly simplified. 3) A balanced charging and discharging equalizer is proposed, which consists of a bridge switch matrix and an inductor. The equalization energy is transferred between the individual cells in the battery pack, and the equalization current is controllable. The balanced single cell is optional, and the equalization energy is bidirectional. In order to further improve the discharge capacity of the battery pack and make the equalizer easier to be realized, the power supply is introduced into the equalizer, and the equalizer inside and outside the battery charge is proposed, and the equalization strategy of the battery during discharge is changed. The equalization energy comes from the equalizer outside the battery pack. In order to simplify the switch control of the charging equalization circuit, a rechargeable diode is added to the internal equalization and discharge external equalizer of the battery pack, and a charging and discharging equalizer outside the battery pack is proposed. The equalization energy transfers between the battery pack and the equalizer, the switch control is simpler, and the equalizer is easier to realize. 4) the charging and discharging equalization experiments of four lithium iron phosphate batteries in series were carried out by using the equalizer and equalization strategy. The experimental results show that the inconsistency of each single cell is greatly improved. The charge and discharge capacity of the whole battery pack has also been improved.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM912
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