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微热管阵列光伏光热组件及系统性能研究

发布时间:2018-10-31 17:19
【摘要】:经济的快速发展离不开传统能源的大量使用,由此造成化石能源的短缺,加上使用过程中产生的污染已经引起了世界各国的高度重视,,而积极探索高效、清洁的可再生能源是解决这一问题的唯一途径。众多的可再生能源中,太阳能凭借其能量巨大、无污染、廉价等优势成为人们重视的焦点。目前,太阳能集热技术与太阳能光伏发电技术最为成熟,使用也较为广泛。光伏发电的使用过程中,由于其发电效率较低(仅15%左右),造成电池温度过高且影响发电效率,因此,从降低电池温度的角度提高发电效率,并且对收集的热量进行利用,对太阳能综合利用技术是一种巨大的推动。 将高效热传输元件微热管阵列(Micro heat pipe array,简称MHPA)应用于光伏电池的散热,研发出微热管阵列光伏光热组件(Micro heat pipe array-Photovoltaic/Thermal,简称MHPA-PVT),可以有效地将光伏电池上的热量传输至冷却水中并加以收集,可以得到一定温度可供使用的热水,因而达到了热电联供的效果。本文以微热管阵列光伏光热组件及其组成的系统为研究对象,展开了如下的研究工作。 首先,参照平板太阳能集热器的测试方法,对微热管阵列光伏光热组件进行了瞬时效率实验测试,在10月末的北京,环境温度为19℃时,PV/T组件瞬时效率的截距可达到41.4%,组件总热损系数为3.95,20℃入口温度时的太阳能利用总效率可达到50%以上,综合性能效率达到70%以上,因此,该技术大幅提高了太阳能利用率。黑色背板和白色背板组件瞬时热效率的截距相差不大,但黑色背板的热损系数较大。组件在低环境温度下的测试结果表明,在低入口温度的条件下具有较高的发电和集热效率。 其次,用Fluent模拟软件建立MHPA-PVT组件的三维稳态模型,综合考虑玻璃盖板、电池、TPT背板、微热管阵列、翼型水管换热器和冷却流体等组成部分,计算组件的瞬时热电效率,并与实验数据进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性。并以此模型,对组件性能的影响因素,包括运行流速、环境温度、风速及辐照度四个方面对进行了模拟研究之后对组件的结构,包括微热管阵列的铺设、布置方向和冷凝段的长度三个方面进行了优化研究,为组件的结构与性能的优化提供了理论依据。 再次,搭建了户用光伏光热系统(每天用电1千瓦时,100升45℃的热水需求)实验平台,并进行了全年监测,测试结果表明,太阳辐照度大于10MJ/(m2d)时,测试结束时水箱内的水温大多在45℃以上,该系统在少量增加初投资的情况下,增加热水的收益可以大幅减小投资的回收年限,具有十分广阔的应用前景。 最后,建立MHPA-PVT系统运行的数学模型,利用实验数据验证了模型的可靠性。应用该模型对我国太阳能资源不同地区典型城市的MHPA-PV/T户用系统的全年热电性能进行了预测,并对北京地区不同热水需求的用户系统的全年收益作出了预测分析。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of economy can not be separated from the extensive use of traditional energy, which results in the shortage of fossil energy and the pollution produced in the process of use, which has attracted the attention of all countries in the world, and has been actively explored and highly efficient. Clean renewable energy is the only way to solve this problem. Among all the renewable energy sources, solar energy has become the focus of attention because of its huge energy, no pollution, low cost and so on. At present, solar energy collection technology and solar photovoltaic power generation technology is the most mature and widely used. In the use of photovoltaic power generation, because of its low generation efficiency (only about 15%), the temperature of the cell is too high and the efficiency of generation is affected. Therefore, from the angle of reducing the cell temperature, the efficiency of power generation is improved, and the heat collected is utilized. Comprehensive utilization of solar energy technology is a huge push. The high efficiency heat transfer element (Micro heat pipe array, (MHPA) is applied to the heat dissipation of photovoltaic cells, and the photovoltaic photothermal module (Micro heat pipe array-Photovoltaic/Thermal, (MHPA-PVT) of the microheat tube array is developed. The heat from the photovoltaic cell can be transferred to the cooling water and collected effectively, and the hot water can be obtained at a certain temperature, thus achieving the effect of cogeneration of heat and electricity. In this paper, the micro-heat tube array photovoltaic photothermal module and its composed system are taken as the research object, and the following research work is carried out. Firstly, according to the test method of flat panel solar collector, the instantaneous efficiency of microtube array photovoltaic photothermal module was tested. In Beijing at the end of October, the ambient temperature was 19 鈩

本文编号:2303010

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