模拟发电机调速装置的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-11-02 10:25

【摘要】：随着人们生活水平的提高,发电站装机总容量日益增大,我国对电力系统的研究人员的需求量日益增多。在对研究人员的培训过程中,高校和电力部门主要采用根据相似定理建立电力系统培训实验系统对学员进行培训。传统的电力系统实验培训系统以模拟电路为主,存在电路复杂、抗干扰能力差等缺点,目前基本上已经被淘汰。采用数字控制的培训系统克服了模拟电路带来的不足,在实时性和可靠性上有了很大的提高。本文设计了以DSP为控制芯片的模拟发电机调速装置。该装置能够对模拟发电机的转速进行测量与调节,同时也可以实时测量发电机的功角。本文首先从电力发展、发电机的转速和功角对电力系统的影响两个方面阐述了模拟发电机调速装置的研究背景与意义。然后对发电机的转速和功角的测量方法进行了介绍。模拟发电机调速系统选择增量式光电编码器作为测速元件,将电机的转速转换为脉冲信号给DSP进行检测。选择了M法测速法作为发电机转速的测量方法。选择增量式PID算法作为转速控制测量的控制算法,选择数模转换芯片将转速控制信号选择直接测量法作为功角的测量方法。在硬件设计方面,根据DSP资源的特点结合所需的功能设计了测量部分和人机交互部分的各个电路。采用RS485通信电路与上位机进行通信。测量部分与人机交互部分采用CAN总线连接。在软件设计方面,以CCS为软件编译环境,采用C语言为编译语言,按照层次化、模块化的软件设计思想对测量部分和人机交互部分进行了软件设计。最后搭建实验平台对装置进行了测试,测试结果表明模拟发电机调速装置运行稳定,能完成对转速和功角的测量,对转速的调节性能良好,可以满足模拟发电机系统的功能需求。本文设计的模拟发电机调速装置具有结构简单、集成度高,便于维护等特点,目前已经开发成产品并投入一些高校使用,效果良好,具有一定的推广价值。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, the total installed capacity of power station is increasing day by day, and the demand for researchers of power system is increasing day by day in our country. In the process of training the researchers, universities and power departments mainly use the power system training experiment system based on the similarity theorem to train the students. The traditional power system experiment training system is based on analog circuit, which has the disadvantages of complex circuit and poor anti-interference ability, and has been basically eliminated at present. The training system based on digital control overcomes the shortage of analog circuit and improves the real-time and reliability greatly. In this paper, an analog generator speed regulating device based on DSP is designed. The device can measure and adjust the speed of the analog generator and measure the power angle of the generator in real time. In this paper, the research background and significance of analog generator speed regulating device are first expounded from two aspects: the development of electric power, the influence of generator speed and power angle on power system. Then the measuring method of generator speed and power angle is introduced. The incremental photoelectric encoder is selected as the speed measuring component in the analog generator speed regulating system, and the speed of the motor is converted into a pulse signal to be detected by DSP. M method is chosen to measure the speed of generator. The incremental PID algorithm is chosen as the control algorithm for speed control measurement, and the direct measurement method for speed control signal is chosen as the power angle measurement method in digital-analog converter chip. In the aspect of hardware design, according to the characteristics of DSP resources, the circuits of measurement and man-machine interaction are designed. The RS485 communication circuit is used to communicate with the host computer. The measurement part and the human-computer interaction part are connected by CAN bus. In the aspect of software design, the software design of measurement part and man-machine interaction part is carried out by using CCS as software compiling environment and C language as compiler language, according to hierarchical and modular software design idea. Finally, an experimental platform is built to test the device. The test results show that the speed regulation device of the analog generator is stable, can complete the measurement of speed and power angle, and has good performance in regulating the speed of the generator. It can meet the functional requirements of analog generator system. The speed regulating device of analog generator designed in this paper has the characteristics of simple structure, high integration and easy maintenance. At present, it has been developed into a product and put into use in some colleges and universities. It has a good effect and has certain popularization value.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM31

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