适应于电力市场改革过渡期的节能发电模型研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 11:44

【摘要】：电力市场改革的主要目标在于优化资源配置。而发展中国家电力市场改革往往需要经历一个较长的改革过渡期,该时期内电力市场受到能源政策、市场管制及其它相关因素的影响,难以通过公平竞争提高发电侧效率并实现节能目标。研.究如何在改革进程中兼顾节能发电需求是一个具有重要理论和实用价值的课题。本文一方面围绕节能发电主题对已有节能发电方法的操作方式及适应条件等进行比较,根据发电能量转化过程对节能发电的基本原理及相关指标进行分析,并扩展至对机组发电成本及节能效益等方面的经济性评估,为实现发电侧节能优化提供了事实依据和扩展空间。另一方面通过研究国内外电力市场发展的内在规律,创新性地提出过渡期电力市场这一研究主题,并对过渡期电力市场的特征及建模思路等进行了分析。通过将以上两方面相结合,本文对适合电力市场改革过渡期的节能发电模型进行了探索,并尝试提出了两种相关模型。本文的具体工作如下：将现有的节能发电方法分为直接控制方法和市场辅助方法两种类型进行分析。直接控制方法包括经济调度、优化潮流等,主要适用于垂直一体化运营模式。而市场辅助方法则通过引入合理的价格机制、以市场化的交易手段实现发电资源的优化配置,其实施手段灵活且与电力市场改革相适应,但需充分考虑市场环境以及系统实际运行情况。围绕火电机组能量转化过程对机组效率进行研究,探索节能发电本质。本文分析了发电过程中节能相关指标的物理意义及计算方法,例举了当前主要的高效燃煤技术及其节能效果,对多种机组在不同负荷率条件下的标准煤耗进行了比较,并进一步提出了实现节能发电的两种基本途径。对不同效率机组的成本组成进行分析,将火电机组效率差异研究扩展至发电经济性研究。以单位电量为基准,总发电成本包括固定资产成本及燃料成本等组主要组成部分,其中,固定资产成本可通过对年度资产成本进行分摊获得,而燃料成本则根据统一的热量价格将与发电效率进行关联。分析表明,高效机组所具有的燃料成本优势可能会受到固定资产成本的影响而难以体现。根据电力市场发展现状及经典市场理论,提出了一种基于物理与金融相协调的电力市场运营框架。通过对电力市场不同组成部分的协调机制进行分析,突出了金融交易在电力交易体系中的重要辅助地位,阐述了复杂系统模型在电力市场环境日趋复杂条件下的应用前景。该部分内容为设计特定的市场模型提供了基础支撑。深入分析不同国家和地区的电力市场发展历程,创新性地提出了过渡期电力市场的研究主题。通过将英美等发达国家与发展中国家电力市场发展历程进行跟踪比较,对过渡期电力市场的提出依据进行了详细说明,并进一步阐述了过渡期电力市场的主要特征、典型表现以及过渡期模型的设计思路等。针对过渡期电力市场短期竞价投标难以满足节能发电需求的情况,首先提出了一种基于效率修正的电力市场双层节能优化模型。新模型主要采用优化调度及效率置换双层结构依次进行调度计划的制定及修正,并通过合理的结算方法确保在效率置换中成功匹配的机组可以分享节能效益。考虑到不同机组在市场竞争中存在效率水平与市场地位不协调的情况,提出了一种基于效率引导的电力市场并行节能优化模型。该模型将已有的发电权扩展为金融性的虚拟发电权,采取虚拟发电权交易与经济调度采取并行独立操作方式,避免了市场活动对电网安全稳定运行产生直接影响,并通过合理的结算方法确保高效机组具有稳定的市场优势,间接引导发电侧实现高效节能目标。
[Abstract]:The main goal of power market reform is to optimize resource allocation. The reform of power market in developing countries often requires a long transition period, which is affected by energy policy, market control and other related factors, and it is difficult to improve the efficiency of power generation and achieve the goal of energy conservation through fair competition. Research. It is an important theory and practical value to study how to take into account the demand of energy-saving power generation in the reform process. On the one hand, on the one hand, the operation mode and the adaptation condition of the existing energy-saving power generation method are compared with the energy-saving power generation subject, and the basic principle and the related indexes of the energy-saving power generation are analyzed according to the power generation energy conversion process, and the invention extends to the economic evaluation of the power generation cost and the energy-saving benefit of the unit, and provides a fact basis and an expansion space for realizing the energy-saving optimization of the power generation side. On the other hand, by studying the internal law of the development of the power market at home and abroad, the research topic of the transition power market is put forward, and the characteristics and the modeling thought of the transitional electricity market are analyzed. By combining the above two aspects, this paper explores the energy-saving power generation model which is suitable for the transition period of power market reform, and tries to put forward two relevant models. The specific work of this paper is as follows: The existing energy-saving power generation method is divided into two types, namely a direct control method and a market auxiliary method, Analysis. The direct control method includes the economic dispatch, the optimization of the power flow, etc., which is mainly applicable to the vertical integration operation In the market-aided method, the reasonable price mechanism is introduced, and the optimized configuration of the power generation resource is realized by the market-based trading means, and the implementation method is flexible and adapts to the reform of the electric power market, but the market environment and the actual operation of the system need to be fully taken into account. situation. The efficiency of the unit is researched and explored around the energy conversion process of the thermal power unit. In this paper, the physical meaning and the calculation method of the energy-saving correlation index in the power generation process are analyzed, and the current main high-efficiency coal-burning technology and its energy-saving effect are illustrated, and the standard coal consumption of various kinds of units under different load-rate conditions is illustrated. The comparison is made, and the two ways to realize the energy-saving power generation are also put forward The cost composition of different efficiency units is analyzed, and the efficiency difference of the thermal power unit is expanded. The cost of the fixed assets can be obtained by sharing the annual asset cost, and the fuel cost will be compared with the unified heat price according to the unified heat price. The power generation efficiency is correlated. The analysis shows that the fuel cost advantage of the high efficiency unit may be subject to fixed asset cost Based on the current situation of electric power market and the theory of classical market, a kind of physical and financial phase is put forward Through the analysis of the coordination mechanism of different components of the power market, the important auxiliary position of the financial transaction in the power trading system is highlighted, and the complex system model is described in the power market environment day. The application prospect under complex conditions. This part is designed to be specific The market model provides the basic support. In-depth analysis of the development of the power market in different countries and regions, the innovation of the market model This paper presents the research topic of the transition power market, and through the following comparison of the development of the power market in the developed countries and the developing countries, the paper gives a detailed description of the basis of the power market in the transition period, and further expounds the main characteristics of the transitional electricity market, and the typical table In view of the difficulty in meeting the demand of energy-saving power generation in the short-term bidding of the power market of the transitional period, a new method is put forward Power market double-layer energy-saving optimization model with efficiency correction. The new model mainly adopts the optimal scheduling and efficiency replacement double-layer structure to make the development and correction of the scheduling plan in turn, and ensures that the efficiency is set by the reasonable settlement method. The energy-saving benefit can be shared by the unit successfully matched in the market change. In view of the lack of coordination between the efficiency level and the market position of different units in the market competition, a new scheme is put forward. A parallel energy-saving optimization model for power market based on efficiency guidance is proposed. The model extends the existing power generation right into the financial virtual power generation right, and adopts the parallel independent operation mode of the virtual power generation right transaction and the economic dispatch, so as to avoid The market activity has a direct influence on the safe and stable operation of the power grid, and a reasonable settlement method is adopted to ensure that the high-efficiency unit is stable
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61

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