小型独立太阳能发电系统设计

发布时间：2018-11-10 07:30

【摘要】：在当前世界各国现代化进程的不断加快的情况下,对能源的消耗量也不断攀升,有限的常规能源已经远远无法满足工业、生活、国防建设的需要。寻求可代替的新型能源是缓解这一局面的唯一途径。其中无处不在又取之不尽的太阳能是人们重点关注的对象。太阳能发电装置分为独立和并网两种类型,其设计要求有所不同。本文中设计的太阳能发电装置属于不接入电网的独立型发电系统。文章通过对全球太阳能发电趋势的分析,引入了常用的独立式发电系统的结构。首先分析了太阳能电池的特性并搭建数学模型进行仿真模拟,测试了环境状况的改变对太阳能电池工作特性的影响,一方面验证了太阳能电池的输出具有随环境参数的变化而变化的非线性特性,同时也证明了实时追踪电池工作的最大功率点的必要性。分析对比几种MPPT的控制方案优劣,以Boost电路作为最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的应用拓扑,使用占空比干扰观测为本文的跟踪控制方法。系统升压模块选用带抑制偏磁作用的推挽正激拓扑、逆变部分选用非隔离式全桥逆变拓扑。依据推挽正激电路的结构原理分析分别计算了整流二极管、钳位电容、功率开关管及滤波器的有关参数并进行了合适的选型,高频变压器部分根据主电路要求,计算设计了变压器铁芯型号和匝比等规格参数,隔离反馈电路由PC817和TL431组成。后级全桥式逆变电路的硬件设计包括开关管、滤波装置和改善开关性能的吸收缓冲电路。软件设计均基于DSP2812的开发软件CCS3.3进行编写,给出了含最大功率点跟踪效果的蓄电池充电、主程序、PWM子程序、AD采样、中断子程序这几个模块的流程图。最终完成了系统整体的运行调试,证明了所设计系统的可行性且达到各指标要求。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of modernization in the world, the consumption of energy is rising, and the limited conventional energy is far from being able to meet the needs of industry, life and national defense construction. Finding alternative new sources of energy is the only way to ease the situation. The ubiquitous and inexhaustible solar energy is the focus of attention. Solar power plant can be divided into two types: independent and grid-connected, and its design requirements are different. The solar power generation device designed in this paper belongs to the independent generation system which does not connect to the power grid. Based on the analysis of the global solar power generation trend, this paper introduces the structure of the commonly used stand-alone power generation system. Firstly, the characteristics of solar cells are analyzed and a mathematical model is built to simulate the performance of solar cells. The influence of the change of environment on the performance of solar cells is tested. On the one hand, it is verified that the output of the solar cell has the nonlinear characteristic of varying with the environmental parameters, and the necessity of tracking the maximum power point of the cell in real time is also proved. The advantages and disadvantages of several MPPT control schemes are analyzed and compared. The Boost circuit is used as the application topology of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and the duty cycle interference observation is used as the tracking control method in this paper. The push-pull forward topology with magnetic bias suppression is used in the booster module and the non-isolated full-bridge inverter topology is used in the inverter part. According to the structure principle of push-pull forward circuit, the parameters of rectifier diode, clamping capacitor, power switch tube and filter are calculated and selected, and the high frequency transformer is selected according to the main circuit requirements. The transformer core type and turn ratio are calculated and designed. The isolated feedback circuit is composed of PC817 and TL431. The hardware design of the rear stage full-bridge inverter includes switch tube, filter device and absorption buffer circuit to improve the switching performance. The software design is based on the development software CCS3.3 of DSP2812. The flow chart of battery charging, main program, PWM subroutine, AD sampling and interrupt subroutine with maximum power point tracking effect is given. Finally, the operation and debugging of the whole system is completed, and the feasibility of the designed system is proved and the requirements of each index are met.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM615

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