面向智能用电的需求响应技术及家庭用户用电策略研究
发布时间：2018-11-10 09:02
【摘要】：随着我国智能电网的大力发展，对电网可靠性以及能源利用率的要求越来越高。作为电能使用必然发展趋势的智能用电是智能电网中的重要组成部分，，其核心特征是电网与用户灵活的双向互动，而需求响应作为用能互动中最重要的实现方式之一，通过价格或激励等方式引导用户改变用电负荷以参与电网调峰，通过用户主动参与优化用电方式以增加需求侧在电力市场中的作用。针对这一目的，本文在智能用电发展的背景下，对需求响应策略的制定和实施及用户的响应行为进行了研究和分析。 本文首先分析了需求响应的机理，需求响应的前提是用户的响应。在用户利益基础上建立需求响应模型分析需求响应的影响因素。通过价格和激励两种方式刺激用户响应程度，根据负荷的特点对负荷进行分类，对不同负荷类型实施价格或激励型需求响应，刺激用户主动调整自身的用电方式，积极主动响应电力系统的运行调控，进一步保障电力系统安全可靠的运行。 合理制定及实施需求响应策略是需求响应的关键，通过建立需求响应项目技术和经济指标，采用熵权法对各指标进行赋权，再分别根据运行商，电力公司及用户侧重指标的不同对权重系数进行修正，最后通过最短距离法得到各需求响应策略的均距进行择优排序，为需求响应项目的制定和实施提供参考和依据。 根据我国电力工业发展及用户的电力需求等客观情况，分时电价是激发需求响应的重要措施。传统的电价缺乏用户响应，互动需求性未能得到主动体现，本文用需求价格弹性描述用户响应，基于用户响应建立分时电价模型，设计最优峰平谷电价，激励用户避峰用电参与电网调峰。这一定价方案既可明显改善符合曲线，又能合理的考虑用户的用电需求。 针对智能用电中强调的电网与用户的灵活互动，在分时电价的基础上，结合智能用电和智能家居的相关技术背景，充分考虑用户用电需求和习惯，对家庭用户智能家居的可控负荷建立负荷模型，以用户可控负荷的电能消耗费用最小化为目标函数建立用户在分时电价下用电策略模型，论文提出将每小时分成等份的时间段数既考虑了实际用电情况，又增大用户的调度空间。模型在保证用户用电需求下有效地减少了用户的电费支出，实现了用户的主动参与及与电网的互动，通过引导辅助用户能源优化管理提高了用户对价格信号的响应程度，进一步改善了负荷曲线，优化了供应侧和需求侧资源的合理配置。
[Abstract]:With the development of smart grid in China, the reliability and energy efficiency of power grid are becoming more and more important. As an inevitable development trend of power use, smart power consumption is an important part of smart grid. Its core feature is the flexible two-way interaction between power grid and users, and demand response is one of the most important ways to realize energy use interaction. Through price or incentive to guide users to change the load to participate in the peak adjustment of the grid, through the user actively participate in the optimization of the mode of electricity to increase the role of the demand side in the electricity market. For this purpose, this paper studies and analyzes the formulation and implementation of demand response strategy and the response behavior of users under the background of the development of intelligent power consumption. Firstly, the mechanism of requirement response is analyzed, and the premise of requirement response is user response. On the basis of user's interests, a demand response model is established to analyze the influencing factors of demand response. By means of price and incentive to stimulate the user response degree, according to the characteristics of the load to classify the load, to carry out price or incentive demand response to different load types, to stimulate the user to adjust their own power consumption actively. Actively respond to the operation of the power system, and further ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system. Rational formulation and implementation of demand response strategy is the key to demand response. Through the establishment of technical and economic indicators of demand response project, the entropy weight method is used to empower each index, and then according to the operator, The power companies and users focus on the different indexes to modify the weight coefficient. Finally, through the shortest distance method, the average distance of each demand response strategy is selected and sorted, which provides the reference and basis for the formulation and implementation of the demand response project. According to the development of the electric power industry and the electricity demand of the customers in our country, the time-sharing price is an important measure to stimulate the demand response. The traditional electricity price is short of user response, and the interactive demand is not reflected actively. In this paper, the demand price elasticity is used to describe the user response. Based on the user response, the time-sharing price model is established to design the optimal peak and valley price. Encourage users to avoid peak electricity to participate in the power grid peak regulation. This pricing scheme can not only improve the curve obviously, but also consider the demand of users reasonably. In view of the flexible interaction between the power grid and the user, which is emphasized in the intelligent power consumption, on the basis of time-sharing electricity price, combining with the relevant technical background of intelligent electricity consumption and smart home, fully consider the user's demand and habit of electricity, The load model is established for the controlled load of the home smart home. The power consumption cost minimization of the user controllable load is taken as the objective function to establish the power consumption strategy model under the time-sharing price. In this paper, it is proposed that the number of hours divided into equal parts not only takes into account the actual power consumption, but also increases the scheduling space of the users. The model can effectively reduce the user's electricity expenditure, realize the user's active participation and the interaction with the power grid, and improve the user's response to the price signal by guiding the auxiliary user's energy optimization management. The load curve is further improved and the rational allocation of supply side and demand side resources is optimized.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM73
本文编号：2321990
[Abstract]:With the development of smart grid in China, the reliability and energy efficiency of power grid are becoming more and more important. As an inevitable development trend of power use, smart power consumption is an important part of smart grid. Its core feature is the flexible two-way interaction between power grid and users, and demand response is one of the most important ways to realize energy use interaction. Through price or incentive to guide users to change the load to participate in the peak adjustment of the grid, through the user actively participate in the optimization of the mode of electricity to increase the role of the demand side in the electricity market. For this purpose, this paper studies and analyzes the formulation and implementation of demand response strategy and the response behavior of users under the background of the development of intelligent power consumption. Firstly, the mechanism of requirement response is analyzed, and the premise of requirement response is user response. On the basis of user's interests, a demand response model is established to analyze the influencing factors of demand response. By means of price and incentive to stimulate the user response degree, according to the characteristics of the load to classify the load, to carry out price or incentive demand response to different load types, to stimulate the user to adjust their own power consumption actively. Actively respond to the operation of the power system, and further ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system. Rational formulation and implementation of demand response strategy is the key to demand response. Through the establishment of technical and economic indicators of demand response project, the entropy weight method is used to empower each index, and then according to the operator, The power companies and users focus on the different indexes to modify the weight coefficient. Finally, through the shortest distance method, the average distance of each demand response strategy is selected and sorted, which provides the reference and basis for the formulation and implementation of the demand response project. According to the development of the electric power industry and the electricity demand of the customers in our country, the time-sharing price is an important measure to stimulate the demand response. The traditional electricity price is short of user response, and the interactive demand is not reflected actively. In this paper, the demand price elasticity is used to describe the user response. Based on the user response, the time-sharing price model is established to design the optimal peak and valley price. Encourage users to avoid peak electricity to participate in the power grid peak regulation. This pricing scheme can not only improve the curve obviously, but also consider the demand of users reasonably. In view of the flexible interaction between the power grid and the user, which is emphasized in the intelligent power consumption, on the basis of time-sharing electricity price, combining with the relevant technical background of intelligent electricity consumption and smart home, fully consider the user's demand and habit of electricity, The load model is established for the controlled load of the home smart home. The power consumption cost minimization of the user controllable load is taken as the objective function to establish the power consumption strategy model under the time-sharing price. In this paper, it is proposed that the number of hours divided into equal parts not only takes into account the actual power consumption, but also increases the scheduling space of the users. The model can effectively reduce the user's electricity expenditure, realize the user's active participation and the interaction with the power grid, and improve the user's response to the price signal by guiding the auxiliary user's energy optimization management. The load curve is further improved and the rational allocation of supply side and demand side resources is optimized.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM73
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本文编号：2321990
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