电力系统黑启动研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 07:31

【摘要】：电力系统黑启动预案在发生大面积停电时能有效地辅助调度员对停电区域进行操作,加快电网恢复供电。然而黑启动过程涉及电力系统暂态、稳态等一系列复杂过程。黑启动预案的制定过程又涉及路径的自动生成、各项综合技术校验、方案评估等问题,因而如何快速有效地获得最佳黑启动方案,是一个备受关注的课题之一。在线黑启动辅助决策系统能根据实时电网变化快速的制定出相适应的黑启动预案。因此本文对如上问题进行了研究,并取得了一定的研究成果。本文主要工作有:1、本文提出了一种DEA/AHP改进模型。该模型在待评估方案中插入最优、最差方案,避免了在应用DEA模型进行方案之间的比较时出现相对有效性全相同而导致的判断矩阵全为1的情况;在应用AHP排序过程中也以最优、最差方案为参照,克服了熵权法评估不能保证方案独立性及可评估最少方案数目限制的问题;另外应用DEA模型避免了求权重的过程,只以输出最大为目标函数,增强了客观性。本文针对电力系统黑启动方案评估中多属性、主客观权重不易确定等特点提出该计算模型;其计算简单,结果可靠,天津电网实际黑启动方案的评估结果证明了本方法的有效性。2、本文研发了一套大电网黑启动辅助决策软件系统。首先,对大电网黑启动方案在线生成技术需求进行了全面的分析,对于所涉及的关键设备模型、系统恢复分区、路径搜索方法、工频过电压、操作过电压、电压频率稳定性、路径评估排序等关键技术进行了全面梳理,分析比较了现有技术的优缺点;在此基础上,结合电网实际运行情况和未来的发展前景对大电网黑启动方案在线生成方案进行了详细设计,开发了一套大电网黑启动辅助决策软件并在华中电网开展了示范应用工作。华中电网500KV黑启动仿真结果证明本支持系统软件的有效性和实用性。研究成果对于提升国家电网的应急保障能力和系统危机处理能力,保障国家电网一体化安全稳定运行,具有十分重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The black-start plan of power system can effectively assist dispatcher to operate the power cut area in the event of large area blackout, and speed up the restoration of power supply. However, the black start process involves a series of complex processes, such as power system transient, steady state and so on. The process of making the black start plan involves the automatic generation of the path, the verification of the comprehensive technology, the evaluation of the scheme, and so on. Therefore, how to obtain the best black start scheme quickly and effectively is one of the most concerned topics. On-line black-start assistant decision system can make suitable black-start plan quickly according to the change of real-time power grid. Therefore, this paper has carried on the research to the above question, and has obtained the certain research result. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. An improved DEA/AHP model is proposed. The model inserts the best and worst schemes in the scheme to be evaluated, which avoids the situation that the relative validity is all the same and the judgment matrix is all 1 when the DEA model is used to compare the schemes. In the process of AHP ranking, the optimal and worst schemes are taken as the reference, which overcomes the problem that the entropy weight method can not guarantee the independence of the scheme and limit the minimum number of schemes to be evaluated. In addition, the DEA model is used to avoid the process of weight calculation, and the objective function is the maximum output, so the objectivity is enhanced. In this paper, the calculation model is proposed in view of the characteristics of multi-attribute and difficult to determine the subjective and objective weights in the evaluation of power system black-start scheme. The calculation is simple and the results are reliable. The evaluation results of the actual black-start scheme in Tianjin Power Grid prove the effectiveness of this method. 2. In this paper, a set of auxiliary decision software system for black-start of large power grid is developed. First of all, the technical requirements of black-start scheme online generation for large power grid are analyzed comprehensively. For the key equipment model, system recovery partition, path search method, power frequency overvoltage, operation overvoltage, voltage frequency stability, the paper analyzes the key equipment model, system recovery zone, path search method, operation overvoltage and voltage frequency stability. The key technologies, such as path evaluation and ranking, are comprehensively combed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing technologies are analyzed and compared. On this basis, combined with the actual operation of the power grid and the future development prospects, the black-start scheme online generation scheme of large power grid is designed in detail. A set of auxiliary decision-making software for black start of large power grid is developed, and the demonstration application work is carried out in Central China Power Grid. The simulation results of 500KV black start in Central China Power Grid show the effectiveness and practicability of the software. The research results are of great significance for improving the emergency support capacity and system crisis handling capability of the State Grid and ensuring the integrated safe and stable operation of the State Grid.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM732

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