风力发电机的模拟方法研究与实现

发布时间：2018-11-11 21:40

【摘要】：随着能源、环境等问题的告急,新型清洁能源的发展已变得迫在眉睫。风能凭借充沛、环保、廉价等优势在众多能源种类中脱颖而出。然而作为风能主流应用方向的风力发电技术,对其开发研究受到地理位置等不便因素影响。因此,有必要将风力发电机“搬移”到实验室,建立风力发电机的模拟平台。本文通过对国内外风力机模拟技术研究现状的分析研究,提出了一种以直流电动机作为原动机,电动机电枢电流作为控制量,TMS320F2812作为控制核心的模拟方案。论文旨在建立与风力发电机具有相似特性的模拟平台。本文首先就风速、叶尖速比、桨距角、风轮转速、输出功率几者的关系建立了风力发电机的动力学模型。通过对模型的分析,确立了模拟风力发电机的重点在于模拟其输出功率特性,本文采用控制电动机电枢电流的方式来实现对模拟系统输出功率的控制。其次,就风力发电机模拟平台进行了转动惯量、输出转矩的补偿,以提高系统的模拟精度。接着,论文对模拟系统控制部分进行了需求分析,并设计了基于直流斩波技术的电动机控制电路。根据控制系统的数学模型,采用带前馈补偿环节、串联补偿环节的反馈闭环控制方式,并对补偿环节的参数做了具体的分析设计。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink平台对论文所设计的控制算法做了仿真验证,仿真结果表明:本文提出的算法准确可行。根据以上方法设计,本文采用MATLAB与DSP相结合的方式搭建系统的软件平台,MATLAB主要用于风力发电机数学模型的搭建,DSP则用于实现模拟平台的控制算法与系统的实时监测。物理平台的实验数据表明:上述模拟方案,不仅能够在有效风速区域内实现对风力发电机输出功率特性曲线的模拟,而且能保证模拟平台具有与风力发电机相似的动态特性。
[Abstract]:With the urgent development of energy, environment and other problems, the development of new clean energy has become urgent. Wind energy with abundant, environmental, cheap and other advantages in a variety of energy stand out. However, wind power generation technology, which is the mainstream application of wind energy, is affected by geographical location and other inconvenient factors. Therefore, it is necessary to "move" the wind turbine to the laboratory to establish the wind turbine simulation platform. Based on the research status of wind turbine simulation technology at home and abroad, this paper presents a simulation scheme with DC motor as prime mover, armature current as control quantity and TMS320F2812 as control core. The purpose of this paper is to establish a simulation platform with similar characteristics to wind turbine. In this paper, the dynamic model of wind turbine is established in terms of wind speed, tip speed ratio, pitch angle, speed of wind turbine and output power. Through the analysis of the model, it is established that the emphasis of simulating wind turbine is to simulate its output power characteristics. In this paper, the output power of the analog system is controlled by controlling the armature current of the motor. Secondly, the moment of inertia and the output torque are compensated for the simulation platform of wind turbine to improve the simulation accuracy of the system. Then, the paper analyzes the requirements of the analog system control system, and designs the motor control circuit based on DC chopping technology. According to the mathematical model of the control system, the feedback closed loop control method with feedforward compensation link and series compensation link is adopted, and the parameters of the compensation link are analyzed and designed in detail. Finally, the control algorithm designed in this paper is simulated on MATLAB/Simulink platform. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is accurate and feasible. According to the above design, the software platform of the system is built by combining MATLAB and DSP. MATLAB is mainly used to build mathematical model of wind turbine, and DSP is used to realize the control algorithm of simulation platform and real-time monitoring of the system. The experimental data of the physical platform show that the simulation scheme can not only simulate the output power characteristic curve of the wind turbine in the effective wind speed region, but also ensure that the simulation platform has dynamic characteristics similar to that of the wind turbine.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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