大用户直购电相关问题的研究

发布时间：2018-11-12 13:38

【摘要】：在电力体制改革过程中,在输配分开环节,出现了一些高耗能企业直接从发电企业购买电力的现象,即大用户直购电。作为新兴事物,大用户直购电在运营模式、计费方式等关键问题上目前仍处在类似“摸石头过河”式的边探索边实施的阶段。本文的研究内容分为以下几部分：相关政策背景、大用户直购电的主体资格、大用户直购电行为模式给供输用三方带来的影响、大用户直购电中涉及的输配电成本以及供电网络方案分析、大用户直购电活动中存在的部分法律争议等。本文通过列举单电源单大用户、双电源单大用户、双电源双大用户以及跨电网远距离输电等几种典型网络分布方案,并对其进行分析研究,试图证明对电网企业来说,通过合理的布局和控制,完全有可能在既定输配电价格的基础上,通过优化供电网络、改变线路长度实现降低成本,从而获取额外利润。本文研究的难点在于确定输配电成本的组成。电网的利润由传统的销售电价与上网电价之差,变成了相对固定的输配电价。而在这个价格背后,由于电力网络复杂,同时电能在电网中是实时流动的,因此真实的输配成本是一个不确定的值。那么,这个价格如何确定,取决于多种因素,是一个主要的难点,尤其是在同时存在多个发电方和用电方的情况下。本文以分析大用户直购电的运营模式为契机,通过对传统的输配电价的成本进行分析、梳理,证明了电网企业在既定输配电价价差基础上通过合理布局降低成本为自己增加利润是可行的。
[Abstract]:In the process of electric power system reform, in the process of separation of transmission and distribution, there is a phenomenon that some high-energy consuming enterprises buy electricity directly from power generation enterprises, that is, large users buy electricity directly. As a new thing, large customers' direct purchase of electricity is still in the stage of exploring and implementing on the key issues such as operation mode, charging method and so on, which is similar to "feeling the stone and crossing the river". The content of this paper is divided into the following parts: the background of relevant policies, the main qualifications of large users direct purchase of electricity, the impact of the behavior model of large users direct purchase of electricity on the supply and consumption of three parties, The cost of transmission and distribution and the scheme of power supply network are analyzed in the direct purchase of electricity by large users, and some legal disputes exist in the activities of direct purchase of electricity by large users, etc. In this paper, several typical network distribution schemes, such as single power source, single large user, double large user and long-distance transmission across power grid, are listed, and analyzed and studied to prove that the distribution scheme is of great importance to power grid enterprises. Through reasonable layout and control, it is possible to reduce the cost by optimizing the power supply network on the basis of the fixed transmission and distribution price, and thus to obtain the extra profit. The difficulty of this paper is to determine the cost of transmission and distribution. The profit of power grid has changed from the difference between the traditional selling price and the internet price to the relatively fixed transmission price. Behind this price, the real cost of transmission and distribution is an uncertain value because of the complexity of power network and the real-time flow of electric energy in the power network. So, how to determine the price depends on a variety of factors, is a major difficulty, especially in the presence of multiple generators and consumers at the same time. This article takes the opportunity of analyzing the operation mode of direct purchase of electricity to large customers, through the analysis of the cost of the traditional transmission and distribution price, combing, It is proved that it is feasible for power grid enterprises to increase their profits by reducing the cost reasonably on the basis of the fixed price difference of transmission and distribution electricity.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61

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