压电式低频环境振动能量采集装置的研究
发布时间：2018-11-14 08:52
【摘要】：随着人们对环境问题的关注以及对新能源的渴望，新型环保的能量采集技术成为国内外研究学者探究的热点；同时随着对半导体元件的集成化与MEMS技术研究的不断深入，将振动机械能通过采集技术转化为电能并为微机电系统供电成为可能。但是由于自然环境与人类生活中的振动能量具有频率低，频带宽的特点，传统的振动能量采集技术在此环境中俘能效率低下。针对此问题，本文基于压电效应，提出一种冲击式振动发电装置，通过理论公式推导及MATLAB仿真分析，从力的角度以提高装置的发电性能；同时鉴于变刚度结构可以增大压电振子在微弱信号下的响应振幅，提出一种变刚度升频振动发电系统，以拓宽能量采集频率并提高能量采集效率。论文的主要研究内容及结论如下： 1）根据机械振动理论与碰撞理论，设计一种低频压电冲击式振动发电装置，建立首次碰撞计算模型。基于此，理论推导了拾振机构的输出电压与功率解析表达式，并利用MATLAB进行拾振机构的结构优化，得到相应的结构参数。根据优化的结构参数，利用AMESim仿真平台建立此发电装置的仿真模型，并以激振频率、振子质量、压电片片数为影响因素对发电装置进行性能分析。 2）设计变刚度升频压电式振动发电装置，，并基于此建立机构的运动微分方程，采用AMESim仿真平台对所建立的机构模型进行仿真模拟。确定变刚度弹簧刚度曲线及相应仿真参数，对采用不同刚度曲线下变刚度弹簧的发电装置进行分析。对线性系统、定刚度升频系统、变刚度升频系统的发电功率进行比较分析，证明了变刚度升频系统与其它两种传统发电装置相比，在低频振动环境中更具优势，既能拓宽响应频带，又能提高发电功率。 本文为了提高低频振动能量俘获能力，从力的角度设计了一种低频压电冲击式振动发电装置，此发电装置在结构最优的情况下，峰值发电功率可达4.4μW，10s内可俘获68.25mJ电能；同时鉴于一种升频压电装置，提出了变刚度升频系统，相对于定刚度升频系统，变刚度升频振动发电机响应频带拓宽15%，发电功率峰值可达7mW。
[Abstract]:With the attention of people to environmental problems and the desire for new energy, the new energy acquisition technology of environmental protection has become the hot spot of domestic and foreign researchers. At the same time, with the integration of semiconductor components and the development of MEMS technology, it is possible to convert the vibration mechanical energy into electric energy through the acquisition technology and to supply power to the MEMS. However, because of the characteristics of low frequency and bandwidth of vibration energy in natural environment and human life, the traditional vibration energy acquisition technology is inefficient in this environment. In order to solve this problem, based on the piezoelectric effect, this paper puts forward a kind of shock vibration generator, which can improve the power generation performance from the point of view of force through theoretical formula derivation and MATLAB simulation analysis. In view of the fact that the variable stiffness structure can increase the response amplitude of piezoelectric vibrators under weak signals, a variable stiffness frequency vibration generating system is proposed to broaden the energy acquisition frequency and improve the energy acquisition efficiency. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1) based on the mechanical vibration theory and the impact theory, a low frequency piezoelectric shock vibration generator is designed, and the first collision calculation model is established. Based on this, the analytical expressions of output voltage and power of the pick up mechanism are derived theoretically, and the corresponding structural parameters are obtained by optimizing the structure of the pick up mechanism by using MATLAB. According to the optimized structural parameters, the simulation model of the generator is established by using the AMESim simulation platform, and the performance of the generator is analyzed by taking the exciting frequency, the quality of the oscillator and the number of piezoelectric chips as the influencing factors. 2) the piezoelectric vibration generator with variable stiffness is designed. Based on this, the kinematic differential equation of the mechanism is established, and the mechanism model is simulated by AMESim simulation platform. The stiffness curve of variable stiffness spring and the corresponding simulation parameters are determined, and the power generation device with variable stiffness spring under different stiffness curves is analyzed. The power generation power of the linear system, the constant stiffness frequency rising system and the variable stiffness frequency rising system are compared. It is proved that the variable stiffness frequency rising system has more advantages in the low frequency vibration environment than the other two kinds of traditional power generation devices. It can not only widen the response frequency band, but also increase the power of power generation. In order to improve the energy trapping ability of low frequency vibration, a low frequency piezoelectric shock vibration generator is designed from the point of view of force. Under the optimal structure, the peak generation power can reach 4.4 渭 W. The 68.25mJ energy can be captured within 10 s; In view of a frequency rise piezoelectric device, a variable stiffness frequency raising system is proposed. Compared with the constant stiffness frequency raising system, the response frequency band of the variable stiffness frequency rise vibration generator is widened by 15, and the power peak value can reach 7 MW.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM619
本文编号：2330706
[Abstract]:With the attention of people to environmental problems and the desire for new energy, the new energy acquisition technology of environmental protection has become the hot spot of domestic and foreign researchers. At the same time, with the integration of semiconductor components and the development of MEMS technology, it is possible to convert the vibration mechanical energy into electric energy through the acquisition technology and to supply power to the MEMS. However, because of the characteristics of low frequency and bandwidth of vibration energy in natural environment and human life, the traditional vibration energy acquisition technology is inefficient in this environment. In order to solve this problem, based on the piezoelectric effect, this paper puts forward a kind of shock vibration generator, which can improve the power generation performance from the point of view of force through theoretical formula derivation and MATLAB simulation analysis. In view of the fact that the variable stiffness structure can increase the response amplitude of piezoelectric vibrators under weak signals, a variable stiffness frequency vibration generating system is proposed to broaden the energy acquisition frequency and improve the energy acquisition efficiency. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1) based on the mechanical vibration theory and the impact theory, a low frequency piezoelectric shock vibration generator is designed, and the first collision calculation model is established. Based on this, the analytical expressions of output voltage and power of the pick up mechanism are derived theoretically, and the corresponding structural parameters are obtained by optimizing the structure of the pick up mechanism by using MATLAB. According to the optimized structural parameters, the simulation model of the generator is established by using the AMESim simulation platform, and the performance of the generator is analyzed by taking the exciting frequency, the quality of the oscillator and the number of piezoelectric chips as the influencing factors. 2) the piezoelectric vibration generator with variable stiffness is designed. Based on this, the kinematic differential equation of the mechanism is established, and the mechanism model is simulated by AMESim simulation platform. The stiffness curve of variable stiffness spring and the corresponding simulation parameters are determined, and the power generation device with variable stiffness spring under different stiffness curves is analyzed. The power generation power of the linear system, the constant stiffness frequency rising system and the variable stiffness frequency rising system are compared. It is proved that the variable stiffness frequency rising system has more advantages in the low frequency vibration environment than the other two kinds of traditional power generation devices. It can not only widen the response frequency band, but also increase the power of power generation. In order to improve the energy trapping ability of low frequency vibration, a low frequency piezoelectric shock vibration generator is designed from the point of view of force. Under the optimal structure, the peak generation power can reach 4.4 渭 W. The 68.25mJ energy can be captured within 10 s; In view of a frequency rise piezoelectric device, a variable stiffness frequency raising system is proposed. Compared with the constant stiffness frequency raising system, the response frequency band of the variable stiffness frequency rise vibration generator is widened by 15, and the power peak value can reach 7 MW.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM619
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