真空管道HTS磁浮系统中驱动器的设计与控制
发布时间：2018-11-15 08:19
【摘要】：安全问题、能耗问题、噪声问题是伴随着交通工具速度的提高而出现的几大问题。高速度的交通方式是人类一如既往孜孜不倦的追求,当速度提高时,诸如前面所列的问题等就总会或多或少地出现,地面火车交通有轮轨的摩擦与空气阻力,所以速度受限；飞机运输得提供机身与所载物的相应高度的重力势能,而真空管道磁浮交通可能将会是未来社会中解决这一系列问题的最佳交通方式。真空管道磁浮系统所面临的主要问题包括车体的驱动与控制方式、真空管道的铺设方式、各组件的做工精细程度、运行经济问题等。而其中的驱动与控制是一个重要的方面,优良的驱动与控制方式可以弥补系统中其它一些非主要的设计不足,让真空管道磁浮系统的优势明显地体现出来。本文中真空磁悬浮系统中的悬浮方式采用永磁轨道上悬浮高温超导体(High-Temperature Superconductor, HTS)的悬浮方式,为了能在一个小空间内得到一定持续时问的运行状态,故采用环形轨道。电机的安装方式有两种：一种是在某一点或几点安装上驱动电机,一种是整个圆周上都安装上驱动电机。用直线感应电动机作为系统的驱动电机,影响直线感应电动机驱动性能的因素有气隙磁场、摩擦阻力、供电方式等。本文的目的就是讨论与之相关的一些问题。首先从电机的基本原理出发,研究驱动所用直感应电动机的数学模型,针对HTS磁浮系统的特点和技术研发的需要引入了平动坐标系统。直线电机中没有旋转的概念,这里的平动坐标系统具有直观的优点,它使得在直线电机的控制方式中用矢量控制时的理解更直观,计算更容易。然后从矢量控制的基础出发分析了加速系统中用于驱动的直线感应电机的电源的控制基础,并且分析了用于驱动的直线感应电动机的等效电路。接着分析了系统中的感应电机的气隙磁场特性。针对真空管道HTS磁浮系统,引入了一种分析直线感应电动机的电磁分布及推力特性的电流瞬时值方法,以此方法为基础分析了加速系统所用直线感应电动机的初级绕组的布置、三相单层绕组与双层绕组电机的电磁特性。系统中感应电动机初、次级间的摩擦阻力包括空气阻力与永磁轨道磁场分布不均衡引起的磁阻力。通过分析真空管道HTS磁浮系统中的驱动器的阻力起因和特性,建立了相应的物理模型,分析了空气阻力与系统中阻塞比、气压、运行速度的关系以及从轨道磁场分布不均衡所致的振动耗能而折算的阻力。并在此基础上设计了相应的恒定速度控制器并进行了初步的仿真与实验验证。
[Abstract]:Safety problem, energy consumption problem and noise problem are several problems that appear along with the increase of vehicle speed. High speed traffic mode is the persistent pursuit of human as always, when the speed increases, such as the problems listed in the front will appear more or less, the ground train traffic has wheel-rail friction and air resistance, so the speed is limited; Aircraft transport must provide the gravity potential energy of the fuselage and the corresponding height of the object, and the vacuum pipe maglev traffic may be the best way to solve this series of problems in the future society. The main problems faced by the vacuum pipe maglev system include the drive and control mode of the car body, the laying mode of the vacuum pipeline, the precision of the workmanship of each component, and the economic problems of operation, etc. But the drive and control is an important aspect, the excellent drive and control method can make up for some other non-major design deficiencies in the system, so that the advantages of the vacuum pipe maglev system are clearly reflected. In this paper, the levitation mode of vacuum maglev system adopts the levitation mode of high temperature superconductor (High-Temperature Superconductor, HTS) on the permanent magnet orbit. In order to obtain the running state of a certain duration in a small space, the annular orbit is adopted. There are two ways to install the motor: one is to install the motor at some point or several points, the other is to install the drive motor on the whole circle. The linear induction motor is used as the driving motor of the system. The factors affecting the driving performance of the linear induction motor are air gap magnetic field, friction resistance, power supply method and so on. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some related problems. Starting from the basic principle of the motor, this paper studies the mathematical model of the direct-induction motor used in the drive, and introduces the translational coordinate system according to the characteristics of the HTS maglev system and the need of the technical research and development. There is no concept of rotation in linear motor. The translation coordinate system here has the advantage of intuitionistic, which makes the understanding of vector control in the control mode of linear motor more intuitionistic and easier to calculate. Then, the control basis of the power supply of the linear induction motor used for driving in the acceleration system is analyzed from the basis of vector control, and the equivalent circuit of the linear induction motor for driving is analyzed. Then the air gap magnetic field characteristics of the induction motor in the system are analyzed. For the vacuum pipe HTS maglev system, a method of analyzing the electromagnetic distribution and thrust characteristics of the linear induction motor is introduced. Based on this method, the arrangement of the primary winding of the linear induction motor used in the acceleration system is analyzed. The electromagnetic characteristics of three-phase single-layer winding and double-layer winding motor. At the beginning of induction motor, the friction resistance between secondary motor includes air resistance and magnetic field distribution of permanent magnetic track. By analyzing the resistance causes and characteristics of the actuators in the vacuum pipe HTS maglev system, the corresponding physical model is established, and the air resistance and the blocking ratio and the air pressure in the system are analyzed. The relation of the running speed and the resistance of energy dissipation caused by the unbalanced distribution of the magnetic field of the orbit. On this basis, the corresponding constant speed controller is designed, and the preliminary simulation and experimental verification are carried out.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM346
本文编号：2332725
[Abstract]:Safety problem, energy consumption problem and noise problem are several problems that appear along with the increase of vehicle speed. High speed traffic mode is the persistent pursuit of human as always, when the speed increases, such as the problems listed in the front will appear more or less, the ground train traffic has wheel-rail friction and air resistance, so the speed is limited; Aircraft transport must provide the gravity potential energy of the fuselage and the corresponding height of the object, and the vacuum pipe maglev traffic may be the best way to solve this series of problems in the future society. The main problems faced by the vacuum pipe maglev system include the drive and control mode of the car body, the laying mode of the vacuum pipeline, the precision of the workmanship of each component, and the economic problems of operation, etc. But the drive and control is an important aspect, the excellent drive and control method can make up for some other non-major design deficiencies in the system, so that the advantages of the vacuum pipe maglev system are clearly reflected. In this paper, the levitation mode of vacuum maglev system adopts the levitation mode of high temperature superconductor (High-Temperature Superconductor, HTS) on the permanent magnet orbit. In order to obtain the running state of a certain duration in a small space, the annular orbit is adopted. There are two ways to install the motor: one is to install the motor at some point or several points, the other is to install the drive motor on the whole circle. The linear induction motor is used as the driving motor of the system. The factors affecting the driving performance of the linear induction motor are air gap magnetic field, friction resistance, power supply method and so on. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some related problems. Starting from the basic principle of the motor, this paper studies the mathematical model of the direct-induction motor used in the drive, and introduces the translational coordinate system according to the characteristics of the HTS maglev system and the need of the technical research and development. There is no concept of rotation in linear motor. The translation coordinate system here has the advantage of intuitionistic, which makes the understanding of vector control in the control mode of linear motor more intuitionistic and easier to calculate. Then, the control basis of the power supply of the linear induction motor used for driving in the acceleration system is analyzed from the basis of vector control, and the equivalent circuit of the linear induction motor for driving is analyzed. Then the air gap magnetic field characteristics of the induction motor in the system are analyzed. For the vacuum pipe HTS maglev system, a method of analyzing the electromagnetic distribution and thrust characteristics of the linear induction motor is introduced. Based on this method, the arrangement of the primary winding of the linear induction motor used in the acceleration system is analyzed. The electromagnetic characteristics of three-phase single-layer winding and double-layer winding motor. At the beginning of induction motor, the friction resistance between secondary motor includes air resistance and magnetic field distribution of permanent magnetic track. By analyzing the resistance causes and characteristics of the actuators in the vacuum pipe HTS maglev system, the corresponding physical model is established, and the air resistance and the blocking ratio and the air pressure in the system are analyzed. The relation of the running speed and the resistance of energy dissipation caused by the unbalanced distribution of the magnetic field of the orbit. On this basis, the corresponding constant speed controller is designed, and the preliminary simulation and experimental verification are carried out.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM346
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