太阳能双轴跟踪控制器的研究
发布时间：2018-12-07 16:26
【摘要】：太阳能作为一种取之不尽、用之不竭的清洁可再生绿色能源,其开发利用有着现实的社会意义。但由于现有技术条件的限制,光伏发电转换效率普遍较低、发电成本较高,严重的制约了光伏发电的应用普及,所以必须要研究提高光伏发电效率的方法。本文研究的就是一种采用双轴跟踪模式,自动控制太阳光的入射角度,从而提高发电效率的控制系统。本文研究的太阳能双轴跟踪控制器有两种跟踪模式。在正常情况下,采用光电跟踪；特殊情况下采用数据库跟踪模式。这样既能保证实时精确跟踪和数据库数据的更新,又可以排除天气的不利影响。该系统在采用四点式双轴光电跟踪的基础上又引入了数据库跟踪的新方式,这两种跟踪模式能够自动切换,从而避免了单一光电式跟踪的弊端,使得跟踪效果更加稳定可靠。为了防止大风天气损坏太阳能电池板,在跟踪控制装置中加入了风速检测处理,当风速超过规定值时,采取避风措施。在方位角的跟踪过程中,为防止由于跟踪装置已到达极限位置,电机由于其他原因仍继续工作而导致电机的损坏,在跟踪装置中又加入了限位控制。为降低跟踪系统的功耗,在控制步进电机的工作过程中,利用电机在不送脉冲1秒后步进电机相电流自动减半的特点来降低能耗；同时又利用了单片机内部时钟分频、夜间掉电处理以降低系统功耗。本系统以单片机STC15F2K16S2为控制核心,设计了整套自动跟踪装置。该系统成本较低、跟踪效果较好、精度高、结构简单、操作方便,可广泛应用于光伏发电系统,能极大的提高光电转换效率。
[Abstract]:Solar energy as an inexhaustible clean renewable green energy, its development and utilization has practical social significance. However, due to the limitations of the existing technical conditions, the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is generally low, the generation cost is high, which seriously restricts the application of photovoltaic power generation, so we must study the methods to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, we study a control system which can automatically control the incident angle of solar light and improve the efficiency of power generation by using the biaxial tracking mode. The solar biaxial tracking controller studied in this paper has two tracking modes. Under normal circumstances, optoelectronic tracking is used; in special cases, database tracking mode is used. This can not only guarantee the accurate tracking and updating of database data, but also eliminate the adverse effects of the weather. Based on the four-point two-axis photoelectric tracking, a new method of database tracking is introduced in the system. The two tracking modes can be switched automatically, thus avoiding the disadvantages of single photoelectric tracking and making the tracking effect more stable and reliable. In order to prevent solar panels from being damaged by gale weather, wind speed detection is added to the tracking control device. When the wind speed exceeds the specified value, measures are taken to avoid the wind. In the process of azimuth tracking, in order to prevent the motor from being damaged because the tracking device has reached the limit position, the motor continues to work for other reasons, and the limit control is added to the tracking device. In order to reduce the power consumption of the tracking system, in the process of controlling the stepping motor, the power consumption is reduced by reducing the phase current of the stepping motor automatically by halving the phase current of the motor after the pulse is not sent for one second. At the same time, the power consumption of the system is reduced by using the internal clock frequency division and power failure at night. In this system, a whole set of automatic tracking device is designed with single chip computer STC15F2K16S2 as the control core. The system has the advantages of low cost, good tracking effect, high precision, simple structure and convenient operation. It can be widely used in photovoltaic power generation system and can greatly improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615
本文编号：2367460
[Abstract]:Solar energy as an inexhaustible clean renewable green energy, its development and utilization has practical social significance. However, due to the limitations of the existing technical conditions, the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is generally low, the generation cost is high, which seriously restricts the application of photovoltaic power generation, so we must study the methods to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, we study a control system which can automatically control the incident angle of solar light and improve the efficiency of power generation by using the biaxial tracking mode. The solar biaxial tracking controller studied in this paper has two tracking modes. Under normal circumstances, optoelectronic tracking is used; in special cases, database tracking mode is used. This can not only guarantee the accurate tracking and updating of database data, but also eliminate the adverse effects of the weather. Based on the four-point two-axis photoelectric tracking, a new method of database tracking is introduced in the system. The two tracking modes can be switched automatically, thus avoiding the disadvantages of single photoelectric tracking and making the tracking effect more stable and reliable. In order to prevent solar panels from being damaged by gale weather, wind speed detection is added to the tracking control device. When the wind speed exceeds the specified value, measures are taken to avoid the wind. In the process of azimuth tracking, in order to prevent the motor from being damaged because the tracking device has reached the limit position, the motor continues to work for other reasons, and the limit control is added to the tracking device. In order to reduce the power consumption of the tracking system, in the process of controlling the stepping motor, the power consumption is reduced by reducing the phase current of the stepping motor automatically by halving the phase current of the motor after the pulse is not sent for one second. At the same time, the power consumption of the system is reduced by using the internal clock frequency division and power failure at night. In this system, a whole set of automatic tracking device is designed with single chip computer STC15F2K16S2 as the control core. The system has the advantages of low cost, good tracking effect, high precision, simple structure and convenient operation. It can be widely used in photovoltaic power generation system and can greatly improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 綦慧;田卫娟;;基于FPGA的太阳跟踪器的设计及实现[J];现代电子技术;2010年13期
，本文编号：2367460
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