无刷直流电机换向关键技术研究
发布时间：2018-12-15 10:58
【摘要】：无刷直流电机不但体积小,结构简单,可靠性强。而且具有普通直流电机的良好的调速性能。因此在家用电器、航空航天、办公自动化等方面有着广泛的应用。传统的直流无刷电机(Brushless DC Motor,简称BLDC)需要霍尔信号提供转子信息,但是霍尔信号会受到温度磁场等的影响,这不仅增加了电机的体积和成本而且降低了系统的可靠性。因此无位置传感器无刷直流电机的控制在近些年一直是研究的热点。本论文围绕无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制进行较为系统和深入的研究。 论文首先对无刷直流电机的发展历程、无刷直流电机的位置检测和起动的发展现状进行了综述。在位置检测中对反电动势法、续流二极管法、电感法和状态观测器法的优缺点进行了分析,同时对三段式起动、预定位起动、升频升压起动、短时检测脉冲定位方法的优缺点进行了讨论。接着详细分析了无刷直流电机的本体结构、电子换向电路和位置检测,同时分析了直流无刷电机的工作原理、相应的数学模型和基本方程。然后对无刷直流电机的起动和反电动势控制进行了详细的讨论并提出本文采用的基于电感法优化的起动方法和反电势控制方法,并选用强大处理能力和丰富外设的dsPIC33FJMC204作为控制芯片,进行相应的硬件电路设计和软件控制设计。在硬件设计部分,主要论述了在逆变电路,反电动势检测电路,保护电路等模块的电路设计的选择方案和设计时的注意事项。软件设计部分采用模块化设计思想,主要论述了模糊控制思想的原理和实现、软件系统的初始化、电机起动程序的设计、模糊PID控制程序的设计和过零检测方法的设计。在软件系统初始化中对时钟、AD转换、PWM、 Timer、UART的初始化做了详细的阐述。在电机起动程序和过零检测设计部分给出设计的组成部分与相应的流程图,在模糊PID程序设计中给出了模糊PID的的流程图和相关代码。 最后,对设计的直流无刷电机控制系统进行了实验测试并给出了直流无刷电机控制系统的起动、反电势控制和模糊PID控制的实验结果和实验,并对结果进行了分析,实验结果验证了该无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制系统的可行性、稳定性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor is not only small in size, simple in structure and reliable. And it has good speed regulation performance of ordinary DC motor. Therefore, it is widely used in household appliances, aerospace, office automation and so on. Traditional brushless DC motor (Brushless DC Motor, (BLDC) needs Hall signal to provide rotor information, but Hall signal is affected by temperature magnetic field, which not only increases the volume and cost of the motor, but also reduces the reliability of the system. Therefore, the control of sensorless brushless DC motor has been a hot topic in recent years. In this thesis, the control of sensorless brushless DC motor is studied systematically and deeply. In this paper, the development of brushless DC motor, position detection and starting status of brushless DC motor are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the backEMF method, the continuous current diode method, the inductance method and the state observer method are analyzed in position detection. The advantages and disadvantages of short-time detection pulse localization are discussed. Then, the structure of brushless DC motor, electronic commutation circuit and position detection are analyzed in detail. The working principle, mathematical model and basic equation of brushless DC motor are also analyzed. Then, the starting and back EMF control of brushless DC motor are discussed in detail, and the starting and back EMF control methods based on inductance optimization are put forward in this paper. DsPIC33FJMC204, which has powerful processing ability and rich peripheral equipment, is chosen as control chip to design the corresponding hardware circuit and software control. In the part of hardware design, this paper mainly discusses the selection scheme of the circuit design and the matters needing attention in the circuit design of the inverter circuit, the detection circuit of the back EMF, the protection circuit and so on. The principle and realization of fuzzy control, initialization of software system, design of motor starting program, design of fuzzy PID control program and design of zero crossing detection method are discussed in the software design part. In the initialization of the software system, the clock, AD conversion, PWM, Timer,UART initialization is described in detail. The components and flow charts of the design are given in the starting program of motor and the design part of zero crossing detection. The flow chart and related codes of fuzzy PID are given in the design of fuzzy PID program. Finally, the experimental results and experiments of the DC brushless motor control system are given, including the starting, back EMF control and fuzzy PID control, and the results are analyzed. The experimental results verify the feasibility, stability and effectiveness of the sensorless brushless DC motor control system.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33
本文编号：2380523
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor is not only small in size, simple in structure and reliable. And it has good speed regulation performance of ordinary DC motor. Therefore, it is widely used in household appliances, aerospace, office automation and so on. Traditional brushless DC motor (Brushless DC Motor, (BLDC) needs Hall signal to provide rotor information, but Hall signal is affected by temperature magnetic field, which not only increases the volume and cost of the motor, but also reduces the reliability of the system. Therefore, the control of sensorless brushless DC motor has been a hot topic in recent years. In this thesis, the control of sensorless brushless DC motor is studied systematically and deeply. In this paper, the development of brushless DC motor, position detection and starting status of brushless DC motor are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the backEMF method, the continuous current diode method, the inductance method and the state observer method are analyzed in position detection. The advantages and disadvantages of short-time detection pulse localization are discussed. Then, the structure of brushless DC motor, electronic commutation circuit and position detection are analyzed in detail. The working principle, mathematical model and basic equation of brushless DC motor are also analyzed. Then, the starting and back EMF control of brushless DC motor are discussed in detail, and the starting and back EMF control methods based on inductance optimization are put forward in this paper. DsPIC33FJMC204, which has powerful processing ability and rich peripheral equipment, is chosen as control chip to design the corresponding hardware circuit and software control. In the part of hardware design, this paper mainly discusses the selection scheme of the circuit design and the matters needing attention in the circuit design of the inverter circuit, the detection circuit of the back EMF, the protection circuit and so on. The principle and realization of fuzzy control, initialization of software system, design of motor starting program, design of fuzzy PID control program and design of zero crossing detection method are discussed in the software design part. In the initialization of the software system, the clock, AD conversion, PWM, Timer,UART initialization is described in detail. The components and flow charts of the design are given in the starting program of motor and the design part of zero crossing detection. The flow chart and related codes of fuzzy PID are given in the design of fuzzy PID program. Finally, the experimental results and experiments of the DC brushless motor control system are given, including the starting, back EMF control and fuzzy PID control, and the results are analyzed. The experimental results verify the feasibility, stability and effectiveness of the sensorless brushless DC motor control system.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 张祥虎;基于卡尔曼滤波的无刷直流电机无传感器控制[D];中国矿业大学;2015年
2 侯晓东;无位置传感器无刷直流电机直接转矩控制的研究[D];沈阳工业大学;2015年
，本文编号：2380523
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