基于压电效应的低频宽频带振动能量采集器研究
发布时间：2018-12-16 01:00
【摘要】：近年来,集成电路系统、MEMS设备及便携式电子产品日益受人青睐,并广泛应用于人体健康检测系统、环境控制系统、军事安全应用系统和野外跟踪等领域。然而,对于应用在野外环境等特殊领域的无线传感器件而言,传统的能源供给方式如电池和电力线等存在一些固有的供能缺陷：质量大、体积大、供能寿命有限,能量耗尽需要重复充电等；新型核电池体积小、供电寿命长,但具有一定放射性,需要特殊防护措施,尚未获得广泛应用。在这种背景下,采集环境中的振动能量并转化为电能,已成为特殊环境中元器件能量供给研究的热点。环境振动能量采集技术主要分为三种形式：压电式、电磁式、静电式。相对其他两种采集能量的方式,基于压电式的振动能量采集器具有高能量密度,无电磁干扰,而且不需要额外电源供电等优点,成为了振动能量采集领域的研究重点。 环境中的振动能量在主要分布在较低频段(200Hz),然而,当前大多数能量采集器的工作频率高于200Hz,一旦外部环境的振动频率偏离了采集器的共振频率,那么采集的能量收集效率便会急剧下降。因此,如何能够与环境多源振动相匹配成为振动能量采集技术的关键所在。针对这一问题,本文设计了两种低频宽频带压电式振动能量采集器,实现高效率的环境振动能量采集,具体完成了以下几方面的研究工作： (1)从当前能量采集方式入手,对比各种能量采集方式的优缺点,得出适宜用于环境振动能量捕获的方式,即压电式振动能量采集；研究实现低频宽频带压电振动能量采集的主要方法及其发展现状。 (2)对压电式振动能量采集器进行理论分析,讨论传统悬臂梁能量转换模型、频谱特性,分析其用于能量采集的缺陷,并对有限元仿真软件进行介绍,搭建了实验测试平台。 (3)设计了一阶、二阶传动压电振动能量采集器,介绍其结构组成及工作原理,并进行了数学建模及仿真分析。结果表明,该类型采集器具有低频宽频带特性,尤其二阶传动能量采集器,50Hz下出现两个电压峰值,频带约拓宽50%,适合用于低频的随机振动环境中进行能量采集。 (4)基于柔性框架的插指式低频宽频带振动能量采集器设计。介绍采集器结构组成及工作原理,进行数学建模、仿真分析,在此基础上,设计实验方案进行实验测试,测试结果与仿真结果拟合的很好,证明了该能量采集器具有低频宽频带特性,尤其五梁结构的插指式低频宽频带振动能量采集器,较传统的悬臂梁式能量采集器,在小于80Hz的低频处,频带增加了近560%,最适合用于环境振动能量采集。
[Abstract]:In recent years, integrated circuit systems, MEMS devices and portable electronic products are becoming more and more popular, and widely used in human health detection systems, environmental control systems, military security application systems and field tracking and other fields. However, for wireless sensor devices used in special fields such as field environment, traditional energy supply methods, such as batteries and power lines, have some inherent energy supply defects: large quality, large volume, limited energy supply life, etc. Energy depletion needs to be recharged; The new nuclear battery is small in size and long in power supply life, but it has certain radioactivity and needs special protection measures, so it has not been widely used. Under this background, collecting vibration energy in environment and converting it into electric energy has become the focus of research on energy supply of components in special environment. Environmental vibration energy acquisition technology is mainly divided into three forms: piezoelectric type, electromagnetic type, electrostatic type. Compared with the other two energy acquisition methods, the piezoelectric vibration energy collector has the advantages of high energy density, no electromagnetic interference, and no additional power supply, so it has become the research focus in the field of vibration energy acquisition. The vibration energy in the environment is mainly distributed in the lower frequency range (200Hz). However, the working frequency of most energy collectors is higher than 200 Hz, once the vibration frequency of the external environment deviates from the resonance frequency of the collector, Then the energy collection efficiency of the collection will drop sharply. Therefore, how to match the environmental multi-source vibration becomes the key of vibration energy acquisition technology. In order to solve this problem, two kinds of low frequency and wide band piezoelectric vibration energy collector are designed in this paper to achieve high efficiency environmental vibration energy acquisition. The main contents are as follows: (1) from the current energy acquisition methods, the advantages and disadvantages of various energy acquisition methods are compared, and the suitable energy capture methods for environmental vibration are obtained. That is, piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition; The main methods and development status of low frequency broadband piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition are studied. (2) the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is analyzed theoretically, the energy conversion model and spectrum characteristic of the traditional cantilever beam are discussed, the defects of the energy acquisition are analyzed, and the finite element simulation software is introduced, and the experimental test platform is built. (3) the first and second order drive piezoelectric vibration energy collector is designed, its structure composition and working principle are introduced, and the mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out. The results show that this type of collector has the characteristics of low frequency and wide band, especially the second order drive energy collector. There are two voltage peaks in 50Hz, and the frequency band is about 50. It is suitable for energy acquisition in low frequency random vibration environment. (4) Design of low frequency wideband vibration energy collector based on flexible frame. The structure and working principle of the collector are introduced. The mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out. On the basis of this, the experimental scheme is designed and tested, and the test results fit well with the simulation results. It is proved that the energy collector has the characteristic of wide frequency band at low frequency, especially the insertion type wideband vibration energy collector with five beam structure, which is more than the traditional cantilever beam type energy collector, and the frequency band is increased by 560th in the low frequency range less than 80Hz. Most suitable for environmental vibration energy collection.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM619
本文编号：2381587
[Abstract]:In recent years, integrated circuit systems, MEMS devices and portable electronic products are becoming more and more popular, and widely used in human health detection systems, environmental control systems, military security application systems and field tracking and other fields. However, for wireless sensor devices used in special fields such as field environment, traditional energy supply methods, such as batteries and power lines, have some inherent energy supply defects: large quality, large volume, limited energy supply life, etc. Energy depletion needs to be recharged; The new nuclear battery is small in size and long in power supply life, but it has certain radioactivity and needs special protection measures, so it has not been widely used. Under this background, collecting vibration energy in environment and converting it into electric energy has become the focus of research on energy supply of components in special environment. Environmental vibration energy acquisition technology is mainly divided into three forms: piezoelectric type, electromagnetic type, electrostatic type. Compared with the other two energy acquisition methods, the piezoelectric vibration energy collector has the advantages of high energy density, no electromagnetic interference, and no additional power supply, so it has become the research focus in the field of vibration energy acquisition. The vibration energy in the environment is mainly distributed in the lower frequency range (200Hz). However, the working frequency of most energy collectors is higher than 200 Hz, once the vibration frequency of the external environment deviates from the resonance frequency of the collector, Then the energy collection efficiency of the collection will drop sharply. Therefore, how to match the environmental multi-source vibration becomes the key of vibration energy acquisition technology. In order to solve this problem, two kinds of low frequency and wide band piezoelectric vibration energy collector are designed in this paper to achieve high efficiency environmental vibration energy acquisition. The main contents are as follows: (1) from the current energy acquisition methods, the advantages and disadvantages of various energy acquisition methods are compared, and the suitable energy capture methods for environmental vibration are obtained. That is, piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition; The main methods and development status of low frequency broadband piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition are studied. (2) the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is analyzed theoretically, the energy conversion model and spectrum characteristic of the traditional cantilever beam are discussed, the defects of the energy acquisition are analyzed, and the finite element simulation software is introduced, and the experimental test platform is built. (3) the first and second order drive piezoelectric vibration energy collector is designed, its structure composition and working principle are introduced, and the mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out. The results show that this type of collector has the characteristics of low frequency and wide band, especially the second order drive energy collector. There are two voltage peaks in 50Hz, and the frequency band is about 50. It is suitable for energy acquisition in low frequency random vibration environment. (4) Design of low frequency wideband vibration energy collector based on flexible frame. The structure and working principle of the collector are introduced. The mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out. On the basis of this, the experimental scheme is designed and tested, and the test results fit well with the simulation results. It is proved that the energy collector has the characteristic of wide frequency band at low frequency, especially the insertion type wideband vibration energy collector with five beam structure, which is more than the traditional cantilever beam type energy collector, and the frequency band is increased by 560th in the low frequency range less than 80Hz. Most suitable for environmental vibration energy collection.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM619
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 李征;万杰;阚君武;王淑云;杨志刚;程光明;;基于流固耦合作用的压电液压振动俘能器[J];光学精密工程;2012年05期
2 赵德先;;杨氏模量y与劲度系数k以及组合弹簧系统[J];物理通报;2003年08期
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