太阳能电池表面光栅吸收辐射特性研究

发布时间：2018-12-23 12:35

【摘要】：光伏发电技术凭借其独特的优势成为了当今发展最快且最有发展前景的新能源技术之一。太阳能电池作为光伏发电技术的核心，面临两个发展瓶颈：成本高和效率低。表面微结构具有独特的辐射特性，其可用作太阳能电池陷光结构，来提高光伏发电的效率。本文主要研究了一维和二维晶体硅光栅作为太阳能电池吸收表面的光谱辐射特性和方向辐射特性。本文利用严格耦合波分析法(RCWA)研究了结构参数对一维简单光栅吸收率的影响，发现一维简单硅光栅存在吸收峰值较窄且对角度依赖较大的劣势。为解决此问题，提出了两种一维复杂凹形光栅结构。利用RCWA法对一维复杂凹形光栅的辐射特性进行研究，并采用田口法进行结构优化。结果表明：在横磁波（TM波）入射时，，一维复杂凹形光栅能充分利用异常辐射现象对光谱吸收率进行调控，其吸收峰值较宽且对角度依赖性不大；但在横电波（TE波）入射时，一维复杂光栅的吸收率较不理想。为解决一维光栅在TE波入射下吸收率较低的问题，提出了一种二维复杂凸形光栅结构和两种二维复杂凹形光栅结构。利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对上述三种二维复杂光栅的辐射特性进行研究，并采用田口法进行结构优化。研究发现：上述三种二维复杂光栅在横磁波和横电波入射时都能得到较优的吸收特性，并且其对角度的依赖特性很好。所以，本文提出的光栅结构可以用作太阳能电池陷光结构，能够提高太阳能电池对入射光的吸收效率。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic power generation technology has become one of the fastest developing and most promising new energy technologies with its unique advantages. As the core of photovoltaic technology, solar cells face two bottlenecks: high cost and low efficiency. Surface microstructures have unique radiation characteristics and can be used as trapping structure of solar cells to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, the spectral radiation characteristics and directional radiation characteristics of one-dimensional and two-dimensional crystal silicon gratings as absorbing surfaces of solar cells are studied. In this paper, the influence of structural parameters on the absorptivity of one-dimensional simple grating is studied by using (RCWA) method. It is found that the absorption peak of one-dimensional simple silicon grating is narrow and its angle dependence is larger. To solve this problem, two kinds of one-dimensional complex concave grating structures are proposed. The radiation characteristics of one dimensional complex concave grating are studied by RCWA method, and the structure is optimized by Taguchi method. The results show that when the transverse magnetic wave (TM) is incident, one dimensional complex concave grating can make full use of anomalous radiation to regulate the absorption rate of the spectrum, and its absorption peak is wider and less dependent on the angle. However, the absorptivity of one dimensional complex grating is not ideal when the transverse wave (TE wave) is incident. In order to solve the problem of low absorptivity of one-dimensional grating under the incidence of TE wave, a two-dimensional complex convex grating structure and two two-dimensional complex concave grating structures are proposed. The radiation characteristics of the three kinds of complex gratings mentioned above are studied by using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), and the Taguchi method is used to optimize the structure. It is found that the three kinds of two-dimensional complex gratings can obtain better absorption characteristics under transverse magnetic wave and transverse wave incidence, and their angular dependence is very good. Therefore, the grating structure proposed in this paper can be used as the solar cell trapping structure, which can improve the absorption efficiency of the solar cells to incident light.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

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