高温环境无刷直流电动机无传感器控制方法研究

发布时间：2018-12-30 18:34

【摘要】：无刷直流电机具有运行效率高、调速性能好、控制简单、可靠性高等诸多优点,不仅被广泛应用于医疗、信息、家电、工业自动化等常规领域,更是在诸如航空航天、油田探测、车载系统等高温极端环境中得到了充分的使用。由于在高温环境中,位置传感器无法正常工作,电机需要以无传感器方式运行,因此对无传感器位置检测方法的研究具有重要意义。同时,宽范围温度变化导致电机参数发生改变,从而使基于常温参数设计的传统调速系统性能变差,因此需要同时对变参数系统控制方法进行研究。本文从上述两点出发,对高温环境无刷直流电机无传感器调速系统进行深入研究。本文在详细分析无刷直流电机的基本组成、电机换相原理及过程、反电势过零检测法原理及其实现方法的基础上,首先建立了计及温度参数的电机数学模型,进而提出无刷直流电机无传感器调速系统的调速方案。然后,本文深入研究了宽范围温度变化对电机参数以及模型的影响,并在此基础上分析了温度变化对开环调速系统机械特性、动态特性的影响,以及温度变化对传统转速电流双闭环调速系统电流环和转速环的影响。本文采用模糊PID控制器作为转速控制器,电流控制器沿用传统PI调节器的控制方法,并基于Matlab对转速模糊PID控制器进行设计。然后,本文在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了考虑温度的无刷直流电机调速系统仿真模型,并对高温环境下的电机调速系统进行仿真分析,得到了电机在不同转速指令下的启动及平稳运行工作波形、突加负载时的转速调整曲线,同时通过阶跃响应对比了模糊PID控制器与传统PI调节器的性能差异,分析了模糊PID控制器的控制作用。仿真结果表明系统具有良好的静态和动态性能,对参数变化及负载扰动均有较强的适应能力,控制效果良好。最后,本文以TI公司的TMS320F28035为核心设计并制作无刷直流电机无传感器调速系统硬件电路,编写电机控制程序完成数字控制,并将电机置于烘箱中进行高温实验,实验证明原理及方案正确可行,系统能够正常工作。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has many advantages such as high operating efficiency, good speed regulation, simple control, high reliability and so on. It is not only widely used in medical treatment, information, household appliances, industrial automation and other conventional fields, but also in such conventional fields as aviation and spaceflight. Oil field detection, vehicle system and other high temperature extreme environment has been fully used. Because the position sensor can not work normally in the high temperature environment, the motor needs to operate in a sensorless manner, so the research of the sensorless position detection method is of great significance. At the same time, the wide range temperature change leads to the change of motor parameters, which makes the performance of the traditional speed regulating system based on the normal temperature parameter design worse, so it is necessary to study the control method of the variable parameter system at the same time. Based on the above two points, the sensorless speed control system of brushless DC motor in high temperature environment is studied in this paper. Based on the detailed analysis of the basic composition of brushless DC motor, the commutation principle and process of the motor, the principle and realization method of the reverse EMF zero crossing detection method, the mathematical model of the brushless DC motor considering the temperature parameters is established in this paper. Furthermore, the speed regulation scheme of sensorless speed regulation system of brushless DC motor is put forward. Then, the influence of wide range temperature change on motor parameters and model is studied, and the influence of temperature change on mechanical and dynamic characteristics of open-loop speed regulating system is analyzed. And the influence of temperature change on the current loop and speed loop of the traditional speed and current double closed loop speed regulation system. In this paper, the fuzzy PID controller is used as the speed controller, the current controller adopts the control method of the traditional PI regulator, and the fuzzy PID controller is designed based on Matlab. Then, the simulation model of brushless DC motor speed regulation system considering temperature is built in Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation analysis of motor speed regulation system under high temperature environment is carried out. The operating waveform of the motor under different speed instructions and the speed adjustment curve of the motor under sudden loading are obtained. At the same time, the performance difference between the fuzzy PID controller and the traditional PI controller is compared by step response. The control function of fuzzy PID controller is analyzed. The simulation results show that the system has good static and dynamic performance, strong adaptability to parameter change and load disturbance, and good control effect. Finally, the hardware circuit of sensorless speed regulation system of brushless DC motor is designed and fabricated with TMS320F28035 of TI company, and the control program of motor is written to complete the digital control, and the motor is placed in the oven for high temperature experiment. The experiment proves that the principle and scheme are correct and feasible, and the system can work normally.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM33

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