基于全寿命周期的并网光伏发电与风力发电低碳综合效益评估

发布时间：2019-01-03 06:41

【摘要】：本文基于全寿命周期理念,研究了光伏发电和风力发电的低碳综合效益评估方法和评估模型。首先从发电收益、发电成本、系统网损改善效益和系统备用容量成本四个方面,分析探讨了光伏发电和风力发电的碳排放(减排)特性及经济效益,提出了相应的低碳效益模型和经济效益模型。进而结合光伏发电和风力发电的低碳特性和经济效益,建立了光伏发电和风力发电的低碳综合效益分析评估模型,并提出了碳排放补偿时间的概念。运用该评估模型,对天津某区10MW光伏电站和10MW风电场进行核算和结果比对。光伏发电站生命周期划分为光伏系统制造、光伏各组件运输、光伏电站建设和运行维护四个阶段。核算结果表明,光伏电站生命周期内的碳减排强度为667.45gCO_2/kWh,碳排放补偿时间为2.56年。光伏系统制造阶段和运行阶产生的CO_2排放量所占比例较大,分别为50%和47%。风力发电场生命周期划分为风机生产、风机运输、风电场建设和运行维护四个阶段。核算结果表明,风电场生命周期内的碳减排强度为729.5gCO_2/kWh,碳排放补偿时间为0.31年。风机运行阶段产生的CO_2排放量所占比例最大,为83%。基于算例结果,对光伏发电和风力发电的低碳性和经济性进行对比,包括光伏发电和风力发电的低碳综合效益对比、各个阶段的碳排放和经济收益对比、运行阶段各个环节的碳排放和经济收益对比以及光伏发电和风力发电全寿命周期的碳排放强度和碳排放回收期对比。在此基础上,对光伏发电和风力发电进行敏感性分析,敏感系数包括:光照强度、制造阶段耗能、全寿命周期长度和材料回收率。通过敏感性系数分析,得出不同敏感性系数对低碳综合效益的影响,为今后光伏发电和风力发电的评估提供参考。
[Abstract]:Based on the concept of full life cycle, this paper studies the low carbon comprehensive benefit evaluation method and evaluation model of photovoltaic and wind power generation. Firstly, from four aspects of power generation income, generation cost, system network loss improvement benefit and system reserve capacity cost, the carbon emission (emission reduction) characteristics and economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation are analyzed and discussed. The corresponding low carbon benefit model and economic benefit model are put forward. Based on the low-carbon characteristics and economic benefits of photovoltaic and wind power generation, the comprehensive benefit analysis and evaluation model of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation is established, and the concept of carbon emission compensation time is put forward. The 10MW photovoltaic power station and the 10MW wind farm in a certain district of Tianjin are calculated and compared with each other by using the evaluation model. The life cycle of photovoltaic power station is divided into four stages: photovoltaic system manufacturing, photovoltaic module transportation, photovoltaic power station construction and operation and maintenance. The results show that the carbon emission reduction intensity is 667.45gCO2 / kWhand the carbon emission compensation time is 2.56 years. The proportion of CO_2 emission from manufacturing stage and operation stage of PV system is 50% and 47% respectively. The life cycle of wind farm is divided into four stages: fan production, fan transportation, wind farm construction and operation and maintenance. The results show that the carbon emission reduction intensity of wind farm is 729.5 g CO2 / kWhduring the life cycle of wind farm, and the compensation time of carbon emission is 0.31 years. Fan operation phase produced the largest proportion of CO_2 emissions, 833. Based on the results of numerical examples, the low-carbon and economical characteristics of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation are compared, including the low carbon comprehensive benefits of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, and the comparison of carbon emissions and economic benefits in various stages. The comparison of carbon emission and economic benefits in each stage of operation, and the comparison of carbon emission intensity and carbon recovery period in the whole life cycle of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation. On this basis, sensitivity analysis of photovoltaic and wind power generation is carried out. The sensitivity coefficients include: light intensity, energy consumption in manufacturing stage, life cycle length and material recovery rate. Through the sensitivity coefficient analysis, the influence of different sensitivity coefficient on the comprehensive benefit of low carbon is obtained, which provides a reference for the evaluation of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation in the future.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM61

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