石墨烯材料的可控制备及其电化学应用研究
发布时间：2019-01-04 17:44
【摘要】：石墨烯是单层碳原子紧密堆积成的二维晶体，具有优异的电学、力学、热学和光学性质以及巨大的比表面积。因此在催化、能量存储以及符合材料等领域有着广泛的应用前景。虽然石墨烯材料具有上述突出的优点，但是化学法制备的石墨烯电导率比理论值低几个数量级。同时石墨烯由于π π相互作用容易发生紧密堆叠，从而降低其比表面积。此外，尽管石墨烯具有很多优异的性能，但单一的材料很难满足各方面性能的需求。因此，本论文以石墨烯材料的可控制备为研究重点，通过对石墨烯及其衍生物尺寸、结构以及组成的控制满足不同材料的需求，并研究了石墨烯材料在电化学催化氧气还原反应以及超级电容器领域的应用。 提出宏量可控制备小片石墨烯——石墨烯量子点的方法。该方法以石墨为碳源，合成条件相对温和，产率高达63%。同时其最大发射波长可以在440510nm之间调节。 利用廉价的三聚氰胺为氮源，通过在550℃加热的方法宏量制备了石墨烯-氮化碳复合材料，具有很好的电催化氧气还原的效果。在进一步的工作中，利用三嵌段聚合物为软模板，通过水热合成法在石墨烯表面组装蜜胺-甲醛-苯酚树脂，并通过高温碳化的方法制备了具有介孔结构的氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料，增大了石墨烯复合材料的比表面积从而提高了氧气还原反应的催化活性。 利用纳米金刚石与氧化石墨烯进行复合，制备了可自支撑的柔性石墨烯介孔导电复合膜，克服了石墨烯聚集的问题。复合膜的比表面积增大至420m2/g，同时其导电率达到7400S/m。在0.2A/g的放电电流时，其比容量达到143F/g。同时多孔复合膜相对于石墨烯膜表现出更好的倍率性能。 在有机溶剂——碳酸丙烯酯（PC）中利用水热法制备了石墨烯三维多孔有机凝胶。石墨烯有机凝胶对PC有着较好的浸润性。同时凝胶大孔结构阻止了石墨烯的聚集，，有利于离子的扩散和迁移，在有机电解液中，其比电容达到140F/g，同时能量密度高达43.5Wh/kg。
[Abstract]:Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal which is composed of single layer carbon atoms. It has excellent electrical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties as well as huge specific surface area. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in catalysis, energy storage and compliance materials. Although graphene material has the advantages mentioned above, the conductivity of graphene prepared by chemical method is several orders of magnitude lower than the theoretical value. At the same time, graphene is easily stacked tightly because of 蟺 interaction, thus reducing its specific surface area. In addition, although graphene has many excellent properties, it is difficult for a single material to meet the requirements of various properties. Therefore, the controllable preparation of graphene materials is the focus of this thesis, and the control of the size, structure and composition of graphene and its derivatives can meet the needs of different materials. The applications of graphene materials in electrochemical catalytic oxygen reduction and supercapacitors were also studied. A method for the preparation of small graphene-graphene quantum dots by macro-quantity control is proposed. In this method, graphite is used as carbon source, the synthetic conditions are relatively mild, and the yield is as high as 63%. At the same time, the maximum emission wavelength can be adjusted between 440510nm. Using cheap melamine as nitrogen source, graphene carbon nitride composites were prepared by heating at 550 鈩
本文编号：2400593
[Abstract]:Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal which is composed of single layer carbon atoms. It has excellent electrical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties as well as huge specific surface area. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in catalysis, energy storage and compliance materials. Although graphene material has the advantages mentioned above, the conductivity of graphene prepared by chemical method is several orders of magnitude lower than the theoretical value. At the same time, graphene is easily stacked tightly because of 蟺 interaction, thus reducing its specific surface area. In addition, although graphene has many excellent properties, it is difficult for a single material to meet the requirements of various properties. Therefore, the controllable preparation of graphene materials is the focus of this thesis, and the control of the size, structure and composition of graphene and its derivatives can meet the needs of different materials. The applications of graphene materials in electrochemical catalytic oxygen reduction and supercapacitors were also studied. A method for the preparation of small graphene-graphene quantum dots by macro-quantity control is proposed. In this method, graphite is used as carbon source, the synthetic conditions are relatively mild, and the yield is as high as 63%. At the same time, the maximum emission wavelength can be adjusted between 440510nm. Using cheap melamine as nitrogen source, graphene carbon nitride composites were prepared by heating at 550 鈩
本文编号：2400593
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