异步电机变速恒频车载取力发电系统研究
发布时间：2019-01-11 12:58
【摘要】：随着车载用电设备数量的不断增多以及设备精密度的不断提高,其对车载电源的容量大小及电源品质都提出了越来越高的要求。为了解决这一难题,同时不给本就相对狭窄的车辆空间增加额外负担,车辆“取力发电”技术应运而生。“取力发电”顾名思义是通过从车辆发动机“取力”带动电源系统中发电机旋转并产生电能,而车辆由于路况等原因,其发动机的转速处于不断变化的状态,因此为了得到频率稳定、品质良好的车载三相交流供电电源,将变速恒频技术运用于车载电源是一种较为合适的方案。本文基于此提出了一种异步电机变速恒频车载取力发电系统,该系统要求满足原动机变转速且负载情况较复杂时能够输出稳定的三相交流电。系统中发电机选择结构简单、成本低且可靠性高的笼型异步发电机,主电路拓扑采用背靠背式变换器,同时变换器的直流母线电容采用分裂式电容。一方面背靠背变换器的前级配合异步发电机构成异步电机可控整流发电系统,另一方面背靠背变换器的后级配合母线分裂电容及输出滤波器构成分裂电容式三相四线制逆变系统。两个子系统的级联从而构成了本文的变速恒频独立电源系统。本文在进行系统控制策略的设计时,首先“化整为零”,由于直流母线电容的存在实现了背靠背变换器前后级的解耦,因而可将系统看做两个独立的子系统,分别设计异步电机发电系统及分裂电容式三相四线制逆变系统的控制策略。异步电机发电系统采用转差频率控制策略,该控制策略无需进行坐标变换且适合电机宽转速运行。针对分裂电容式三相四线制逆变系统的拓扑特点,分别从改变电压控制器形式以及改变给定电压形式两个角度出发,各提出一种可实现每相电压独立控制的控制策略,即电压外环比例谐振(PR)调节的双环控制策略以及基于虚拟dq变换的双环比例积分(PI)控制策略,这两种控制策略均能实现逆变系统带不平衡负载的正常工作。本文随后“合零为整”,从“功率平衡”的角度出发,提出将后级逆变器的负载功率作为前馈加入到前级发电系统的控制环路中,从而提升系统整体性能。为了验证方案的可行性,本文首先搭建了基于Plecs的仿真平台,从理论上证明了方案的正确性;随后又搭建一台30k W实验样机,并进行了发电机变转速、不平衡负载等多种情况下的实验研究,实验结果证明系统具有良好的动静态特性。本文的诸多研究成果表明异步电机变速恒频车载取力发电系统是一种能够运用于车载供电电源的高性能方案,具有良好的发展与应用前景。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of the number of on-board electric equipment and the improvement of the precision of the equipment, the capacity and quality of the on-board power supply are required more and more. In order to solve this problem and not add extra burden to the relatively narrow vehicle space, the technology of "power generation" emerges as the times require. As the name implies, "power generation" drives the generator to rotate and generate electric energy in the power supply system from the vehicle engine, and the engine speed of the vehicle is in a constantly changing state because of the road conditions and other reasons. Therefore, in order to obtain the stable frequency and good quality three-phase AC power supply, it is a more suitable scheme to apply the variable speed constant frequency technology to the on-board power supply. In this paper, a variable speed constant frequency on-board power generation system of asynchronous motor is proposed. The system can output stable three-phase AC power when the load is complex and the speed of the prime mover is variable. In the system, the generator has simple structure, low cost and high reliability. The main circuit topology adopts back-to-back converter, and the DC busbar capacitor of the converter adopts split capacitor. On the one hand, the front stage of the back-to-back converter and the asynchronous generator constitute the controllable rectifier generation system of the asynchronous motor. On the other hand, the back to back converter with busbar split capacitor and output filter constitute split capacitive three-phase four-wire inverter system. The cascade of the two subsystems constitutes the variable speed constant frequency independent power supply system in this paper. In this paper, when designing the control strategy of the system, first of all, the system is divided into pieces. Because the DC busbar capacitance realizes the decoupling between the front and back stage of the back-to-back converter, the system can be regarded as two independent subsystems. The control strategies of induction motor generation system and split capacitance three phase four wire inverter system are designed respectively. The frequency slip control strategy is adopted in asynchronous motor power generation system. The control strategy does not need coordinate transformation and is suitable for running at wide speed. According to the topological characteristics of split capacitive three-phase four-wire inverter system, a control strategy which can realize the independent control of each phase voltage is proposed from the angle of changing the voltage controller form and changing the given voltage form respectively. The double loop control strategy of proportional resonance (PR) regulation of voltage outer loop and the double loop proportional integral (PI) control strategy based on virtual dq transform can realize the normal operation of inverter system with unbalanced load. From the point of view of "power balance", this paper puts forward that the load power of the rear stage inverter is added to the control loop of the former generation system as feedforward, so as to improve the overall performance of the system. In order to verify the feasibility of the scheme, a simulation platform based on Plecs is set up in this paper, and the correctness of the scheme is proved theoretically. Then a 30kW experimental prototype was built, and the experimental research was carried out under various conditions, such as variable rotational speed and unbalanced load, etc. The experimental results show that the system has good dynamic and static characteristics. Many research results in this paper show that the induction motor variable-speed constant frequency on-board power generation system is a high performance scheme which can be applied to the on-board power supply and has a good prospect of development and application.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM61;TM343
[Abstract]:With the increasing of the number of on-board electric equipment and the improvement of the precision of the equipment, the capacity and quality of the on-board power supply are required more and more. In order to solve this problem and not add extra burden to the relatively narrow vehicle space, the technology of "power generation" emerges as the times require. As the name implies, "power generation" drives the generator to rotate and generate electric energy in the power supply system from the vehicle engine, and the engine speed of the vehicle is in a constantly changing state because of the road conditions and other reasons. Therefore, in order to obtain the stable frequency and good quality three-phase AC power supply, it is a more suitable scheme to apply the variable speed constant frequency technology to the on-board power supply. In this paper, a variable speed constant frequency on-board power generation system of asynchronous motor is proposed. The system can output stable three-phase AC power when the load is complex and the speed of the prime mover is variable. In the system, the generator has simple structure, low cost and high reliability. The main circuit topology adopts back-to-back converter, and the DC busbar capacitor of the converter adopts split capacitor. On the one hand, the front stage of the back-to-back converter and the asynchronous generator constitute the controllable rectifier generation system of the asynchronous motor. On the other hand, the back to back converter with busbar split capacitor and output filter constitute split capacitive three-phase four-wire inverter system. The cascade of the two subsystems constitutes the variable speed constant frequency independent power supply system in this paper. In this paper, when designing the control strategy of the system, first of all, the system is divided into pieces. Because the DC busbar capacitance realizes the decoupling between the front and back stage of the back-to-back converter, the system can be regarded as two independent subsystems. The control strategies of induction motor generation system and split capacitance three phase four wire inverter system are designed respectively. The frequency slip control strategy is adopted in asynchronous motor power generation system. The control strategy does not need coordinate transformation and is suitable for running at wide speed. According to the topological characteristics of split capacitive three-phase four-wire inverter system, a control strategy which can realize the independent control of each phase voltage is proposed from the angle of changing the voltage controller form and changing the given voltage form respectively. The double loop control strategy of proportional resonance (PR) regulation of voltage outer loop and the double loop proportional integral (PI) control strategy based on virtual dq transform can realize the normal operation of inverter system with unbalanced load. From the point of view of "power balance", this paper puts forward that the load power of the rear stage inverter is added to the control loop of the former generation system as feedforward, so as to improve the overall performance of the system. In order to verify the feasibility of the scheme, a simulation platform based on Plecs is set up in this paper, and the correctness of the scheme is proved theoretically. Then a 30kW experimental prototype was built, and the experimental research was carried out under various conditions, such as variable rotational speed and unbalanced load, etc. The experimental results show that the system has good dynamic and static characteristics. Many research results in this paper show that the induction motor variable-speed constant frequency on-board power generation system is a high performance scheme which can be applied to the on-board power supply and has a good prospect of development and application.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM61;TM343
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