基于压电能量采集的无线传感网络节点供能技术的研究
发布时间：2019-01-23 11:06
【摘要】：近年来，随着智慧城市的建设、环境问题的监测以及物联网的构建，基于MEMS传感器、无线通讯和嵌入式控制系统的无线传感网络技术得以迅猛发展。然而，让无线传感网络节点能够长期处于免维护运行状态成为进一步推进其应用的瓶颈。压电能量采集技术可将周围环境中的振动能量转换为可利用的电能，能有效地实现无线传感网络节点的自我供电，具有重大的研究价值和良好的发展前景。 本文以压电能量采集技术为中心，着重从能量采集结构和能量处理电路这两个方面展开研究，设计并优化压电结构，搭建能量采集转换和存储电路，从而为无线传感网络节点供电。主要研究内容如下： 1、介绍了压电技术的基本原理和压电材料的基本特性，并在此基础上讨论了压电振子的发电机理。以压电陶瓷作为压电元件材料，根据外部工作环境的不同，选择不同的压电振动模式和支撑方式，来采集周围环境的振动能量。 2、悬臂梁式压电振子是压电转换装置中的典型结构，在相关理论分析的基础上，借助ANSYS软件，仿真研究了压电振子结构尺寸和材料参数变化对其发电性能的影响，为压电振子的实际制备提供理论依据。比较了在矩形、梯形和三角形三种不同截面的压电层和支撑层的情况下，压电振子内部阻抗、发电电压以及输出功率的不同。 3、研究了圆盘式压电振子的机电特性，利用压电理论建立振动方程，并建立了有限元分析模型。通过ANSYS仿真分析，得出了半径和厚度等关键结构参数对圆盘式压电振子固有频率和输出电压的影响关系。探讨了椭圆形压电振子的机电性能，并与圆形压电振子做了比较研究。 4、基于经典能量采集电路的理论分析，并采用PSPICE软件进行了仿真分析，着重讨论了负载变化对输出电压和输出功率的影响。阐述了几种改进型能量采集电路的工作原理和输出特性。在储能元件的选择上，对电容和可充电电池做了分析比较。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the construction of intelligent city, monitoring of environmental problems and the construction of Internet of things, wireless sensor network technology based on MEMS sensor, wireless communication and embedded control system has developed rapidly. However, enabling wireless sensor network nodes to be maintenance-free for a long time has become a bottleneck to further promote their applications. The piezoelectric energy acquisition technology can convert the vibration energy in the surrounding environment into the available electric energy, and can effectively realize the self-power supply of wireless sensor network nodes, which has great research value and good development prospect. This paper focuses on the piezoelectric energy acquisition technology, focusing on the energy acquisition structure and energy processing circuit, designs and optimizes the piezoelectric structure, builds the energy acquisition conversion and storage circuit. Thus the wireless sensor network node power supply. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The basic principle of piezoelectric technology and the basic characteristics of piezoelectric material are introduced, and the generator mechanism of piezoelectric oscillator is discussed. The piezoelectric ceramic is used as the piezoelectric element material. According to the different external working environment, different piezoelectric vibration modes and supporting modes are selected to collect the vibration energy of the surrounding environment. 2. The cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrator is a typical structure in the piezoelectric conversion device. Based on the theoretical analysis, the influence of the structure size and material parameters on the generation performance of the piezoelectric vibrator is simulated with the help of ANSYS software. It provides a theoretical basis for the practical fabrication of piezoelectric oscillators. In the case of rectangular trapezoid and triangular piezoelectric layers with different cross-sections the internal impedance generation voltage and output power of piezoelectric oscillators are compared. 3. The mechanical and electrical characteristics of the disk piezoelectric oscillator are studied. The vibration equation is established by using the piezoelectric theory and the finite element analysis model is established. By ANSYS simulation analysis, the influence of the key structural parameters, such as radius and thickness, on the natural frequency and output voltage of the disk piezoelectric oscillator is obtained. The electromechanical properties of elliptical piezoelectric oscillators are discussed and compared with those of circular piezoelectric oscillators. 4. Based on the theoretical analysis of the classical energy acquisition circuit and the simulation analysis with PSPICE software, the influence of the load variation on the output voltage and output power is discussed. The working principle and output characteristics of several improved energy acquisition circuits are described. The capacitors and rechargeable batteries are analyzed and compared in the selection of energy storage components.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM619
本文编号：2413723
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the construction of intelligent city, monitoring of environmental problems and the construction of Internet of things, wireless sensor network technology based on MEMS sensor, wireless communication and embedded control system has developed rapidly. However, enabling wireless sensor network nodes to be maintenance-free for a long time has become a bottleneck to further promote their applications. The piezoelectric energy acquisition technology can convert the vibration energy in the surrounding environment into the available electric energy, and can effectively realize the self-power supply of wireless sensor network nodes, which has great research value and good development prospect. This paper focuses on the piezoelectric energy acquisition technology, focusing on the energy acquisition structure and energy processing circuit, designs and optimizes the piezoelectric structure, builds the energy acquisition conversion and storage circuit. Thus the wireless sensor network node power supply. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The basic principle of piezoelectric technology and the basic characteristics of piezoelectric material are introduced, and the generator mechanism of piezoelectric oscillator is discussed. The piezoelectric ceramic is used as the piezoelectric element material. According to the different external working environment, different piezoelectric vibration modes and supporting modes are selected to collect the vibration energy of the surrounding environment. 2. The cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrator is a typical structure in the piezoelectric conversion device. Based on the theoretical analysis, the influence of the structure size and material parameters on the generation performance of the piezoelectric vibrator is simulated with the help of ANSYS software. It provides a theoretical basis for the practical fabrication of piezoelectric oscillators. In the case of rectangular trapezoid and triangular piezoelectric layers with different cross-sections the internal impedance generation voltage and output power of piezoelectric oscillators are compared. 3. The mechanical and electrical characteristics of the disk piezoelectric oscillator are studied. The vibration equation is established by using the piezoelectric theory and the finite element analysis model is established. By ANSYS simulation analysis, the influence of the key structural parameters, such as radius and thickness, on the natural frequency and output voltage of the disk piezoelectric oscillator is obtained. The electromechanical properties of elliptical piezoelectric oscillators are discussed and compared with those of circular piezoelectric oscillators. 4. Based on the theoretical analysis of the classical energy acquisition circuit and the simulation analysis with PSPICE software, the influence of the load variation on the output voltage and output power is discussed. The working principle and output characteristics of several improved energy acquisition circuits are described. The capacitors and rechargeable batteries are analyzed and compared in the selection of energy storage components.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM619
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