风电场集中并网无功电压协调控制研究

发布时间：2019-03-22 08:40

【摘要】：在当今环境日益恶化、能源日益短缺、用电量日益增加的背景下,风能作为一种环境友好型的可再生能源越来越受重视。从国内外风力发电技术的发展状况来看,风机的装机容量呈显逐年递增的趋势,显示了持续和快速增长的势头。然而,风电场集中并网给电网带来了很多的挑战,无功电压的控制就是其中之一。引起电压波动的根本原因是风功率的波动性。风能资源的波动性和随机性,风电场中时间尺度不同的无功电压调节装置具有不同的响应特性,加大了无功电压控制的难度。本文根据此背景,展开了风电场集中并网无功电压控制的研究。首先,对风速模型、空气动力学模型进行了建模分析。研究了三种常用的风机类型,包括鼠笼式定速异步风机、双馈式变速风机和永磁式直驱同步风机。建立了鼠笼式定速异步风机的等值电路图,对其无功功率和极端电压、有功功率等关系进行了推导；研究了双馈式变速风机的矢量控制策略,对其无功率的极限进行了推导。分别研究了定速异步风机并网、双馈式风机定电压并网以及恒功率因素并网对电网电压产生的影响。此外,研究了风电场中经常使用的几种无功电压调节设备的性能：包括联电容器组、静止同步补器、偿静止无功补偿器和有载调压变压器。其次对多目标优化问题以及多目标粒子群算法进行了研究和分析,提出了基于自适应网格和扇形的多目标粒子群算法(G-F MOPSO),给出了该算法原理以及算法流程,提出了自适应网格和扇形对外部存档规模进行限制以及对全局最优粒子和个体最优粒子进行选取,同时改进了粒子群更新公式。最后运用多目标的测试函数对G-F MOPSO进行测试,该算法在和ACG MOPSO对比时表现出良好的性能。最后,根据上述的研究基础,构建了风电场集中并网无功电压的控制模式。针对风电场级别的控制,提出了风电场两层多阶段的无功电压控制模型,其计及了风功率不确定性和多时间尺度调压设备的响特性。建立了多目标问题模型,采用G-F MOPSO进行求解,应用层次分析法从Pareto的最优解中选择决策方案。运用多风电场并网典型拓扑图验证了本文提出的模型能够有效的抑制风速波动产生的电压波动,同时能够减少离散装置的调节次数从而达到经济性的目的。
[Abstract]:Under the background of worsening environment, shortage of energy and increasing power consumption, wind energy, as an environment-friendly renewable energy, has been paid more and more attention. According to the development of wind power generation technology at home and abroad, the installed capacity of wind turbine is increasing year by year, which shows the momentum of continuous and rapid growth. However, the centralization of wind farms brings many challenges to the grid, and the control of reactive power and voltage is one of them. The fundamental cause of voltage fluctuation is the fluctuation of wind power. Because of the fluctuation and randomness of wind energy resources, the reactive power and voltage regulator with different time scales in wind farm has different response characteristics, which increases the difficulty of reactive power and voltage control. According to this background, the research on reactive power and voltage control of wind farm centralized grid-connected is carried out in this paper. Firstly, the wind speed model and aerodynamics model are modeled and analyzed. Three common fan types including squirrel cage constant speed asynchronous fan, double feed variable speed fan and permanent magnetic direct drive synchronous fan are studied in this paper. The equivalent circuit diagram of squirrel cage type asynchronous fan with constant speed is established, the relation between reactive power, extreme voltage and active power is deduced, the vector control strategy of double feed variable speed fan is studied, and the limit of no power is deduced. The effects of constant speed asynchronous fan grid connection, double feed fan voltage grid connection and constant power factor grid connection on grid voltage are studied. In addition, the performance of several kinds of reactive power and voltage regulating equipment which are often used in wind farm are studied, including combined capacitor group, static synchronous compensator, static stop reactive compensator and on-load voltage regulating transformer. Secondly, the multi-objective optimization problem and the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm are studied and analyzed, and a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm based on adaptive mesh and sector shape is proposed. The principle and flow chart of the algorithm are given in the paper, which is based on the adaptive mesh and sector-shaped particle swarm optimization algorithm (GF-MOPSO),). The adaptive mesh and sector shape are proposed to limit the external archive size and select the global optimal particles and individual optimal particles. At the same time, the particle swarm updating formula is improved. Finally, the multi-objective test function is used to test the G / F MOPSO, and the algorithm shows good performance compared with ACG MOPSO. Finally, according to the above-mentioned research foundation, the control mode of grid-connected reactive voltage of wind farm is constructed. Aiming at the level control of wind farm, a two-layer and multi-stage reactive voltage control model is proposed, which takes into account the wind power uncertainty and the response characteristics of multi-time scale voltage regulator. The model of multi-objective problem is established, which is solved by GF-MOPSO, and the decision-making scheme is selected from the optimal solution of Pareto by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The typical topology diagram of the grid-connected multi-wind farm is used to verify that the proposed model can effectively restrain the voltage fluctuation caused by wind speed fluctuation and reduce the number of adjustment times of the discrete device to achieve the purpose of economy.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM614;TM714.2

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