基于自抗扰的核电站稳压器控制系统研究

发布时间：2019-03-31 16:08

【摘要】：核电作为一项绿色能源，已经被很多国家所利用，并且有着很广阔的发展前景。同时，核电的安全问题已经引起了很多国家的广泛关注。作为核电站动力装置中的重要设备，稳压器的作用是保证一回路的压力在设定值附近，由此可知，核电站的安全性和稳定性与稳压器是否正常运行有着直接的关系。稳压器是一个大时滞、非线性、时变、多干扰、大惯性的复杂系统，，传统PID控制器由于自身的局限性不能得到较好的控制效果，因此需要引入新型的控制器。自抗扰控制是韩京清研究员在非线性PID基础上提出控制策略，其保留了PID控制器的优点，克服了PID控制精度低的缺陷。本文首先在绪论中说明了课题的选题背景、研究意义以及现代控制理论在稳压器控制系统中的应用现状；然后详细介绍了稳压器控制系统的结构和工作原理，也总结了稳压器压力水位控制中存在的问题；在第三章系统地对自抗扰控制器的基本结构和原理进行了具体的阐述，还介绍了自抗扰控制器的高阶扩展和跨阶次控制，同时，重点介绍了其参数的整定原则；第四章中在核电站仿真平台上进行稳压器压力和水位的特性试验，利用系统辨识的知识拟合出压力和水位的数学模型，建立了自抗扰控制器的Simulink模型，并将此方法应用于稳压器压力和水位的控制中；第五章中为了得到更好的控制效果和解决自抗扰控制器（Active DisturbancesRejection Controller, ADRC）参数整定耗时的问题，着重研究了模糊控制、遗传算法和滑模控制，将模糊、遗传和滑模控制分别应用到ADRC中并进行了部分改进，最后通过仿真图形的比较可知，控制效果得到了较好的改善。
[Abstract]:Nuclear power as a green energy, has been used by many countries, and has a very broad prospects for development. At the same time, the safety of nuclear power has attracted wide attention in many countries. As an important equipment in the power plant of nuclear power plant, the role of voltage regulator is to ensure that the pressure of the first loop is near the set value. Therefore, the safety and stability of the nuclear power plant have a direct relationship with the normal operation of the regulator. Voltage regulator is a complex system with large time-delay, nonlinear, time-varying, multi-disturbance and large inertia. Because of its own limitations, the traditional PID controller can not get a better control effect, so it is necessary to introduce a new type of controller. Auto-disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is a control strategy proposed by Han Jingqing on the basis of nonlinear PID. It retains the advantages of PID controller and overcomes the defect of low control precision of PID. In the introduction, the background of the topic selection, the significance of the research and the application of modern control theory in the voltage regulator control system are described in the introduction. Then the structure and working principle of the voltage regulator control system are introduced in detail, and the problems existing in the pressure and water level control of the regulator are also summarized. In the third chapter, the basic structure and principle of ADRC are systematically described, and the high-order expansion and cross-order control of ADRC are also introduced. At the same time, the tuning principle of ADRC parameters is emphasized. In chapter 4, the characteristics of pressure and water level of voltage regulator are tested on the simulation platform of nuclear power plant. The mathematical models of pressure and water level are fitted by the knowledge of system identification, and the Simulink model of ADRC is established. This method is applied to the pressure and water level control of voltage regulator. In chapter 5, in order to get better control effect and to solve the time-consuming problem of auto disturbance rejection controller (Active DisturbancesRejection Controller, ADRC) parameter setting, fuzzy control, genetic algorithm and sliding mode control are studied. Genetic control and sliding mode control are applied to ADRC, and some improvements are made. Finally, through the comparison of simulation graphics, the control effect is improved.
【学位授予单位】：上海电力学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM623

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