析氧电极的制备与性能测试

发布时间：2019-04-01 14:15

【摘要】：在金属电沉积过程中，电极处于“核心”地位，因此，在氯化物溶液的电沉积过程中，选择合适的电极材料是很有必要的。一直以来，氯碱工业用的电极材料，要求具有表面积大、导电性好、催化活性高、使用寿命长以及成本较低等条件，但许多材料难以满足这些要求。再者，很多学者却忽视了电解过程中产生的氯气给车间工人的身体健康造成的危害。在电解氯化物的体系当中，采用电沉积法对金属进行富集时，由于电解液中Cl浓度比较高，在电解过程中会产生大量的氯气。在实际生产当中，产生的氯气不仅对车间工人的身体健康产生危害，而且产生的氯气对环境的污染严重、对电沉积的金属质量也有影响，且对电解液的性质有所改变。很多车间对产生的氯气采用碱液吸收，用来解决由于氯气的生成引发的一系列问题，但是，用碱液进行吸收时，又会造成成本的增加。本文中通过对不同电极的析氧电位、析氯电位进行了测试，旨在选择出一种析氧电位比析氯电位低的电极。由于一直以来，对析氧电位较低的电极的研究很少。因此，考虑到氯气对车间工人健康造成的危害，研究一种在氯化物溶液的金属沉积过程中，，析氧电位较低的电极是非常必要的。同时，从成本上考虑，在电极的制备过程中，尽量试图用非贵金属代替贵金属。更迫切需要研制出可适用于酸性介质中的析氧电位低的电极材料。本文中首先对钛基体涂层电极的制备工艺进行了研究，包括制备的温度，外层的制备方法等等。目的是能够制备出适合在强酸性溶液（pH为2-3），在高电流密度下使用的电极，且该电极的析氧电位比析氯电位低。接着，对三种类型的电极进行了研究，主要包括炭系列电极（炭布电极、炭毡电极、黏胶基石墨毡）、钛系列电极（制备的A电极、钛基体铱钽涂层电极、钛系列钌铱涂层电极）以及铅银电极，对三种类型电极的析氧电位、析氯电位以及电极寿命进行研究。最后对本实验进行了总结和展望，从研究的电极中选择出了最适合在强酸性溶液和高电流密度下使用的电极—钛基体钌铱涂层电极。
[Abstract]:In the process of metal electrodeposition, the electrode is in the "core" position. Therefore, it is necessary to select the suitable electrode material during the electrodeposition of chloride solution. For a long time, the electrode materials used in chlor-alkali industry require large surface area, good conductivity, high catalytic activity, long service life and low cost, but many materials are difficult to meet these requirements. Moreover, many scholars ignore the harm caused by chlorine gas produced during electrolysis to the health of workshop workers. In the electrolytic chloride system, when the metal is enriched by electrodeposition, a large amount of chlorine gas will be produced in the electrolysis process due to the high concentration of Cl in the electrolyte. In practical production, the chlorine gas produced not only harms the health of workshop workers, but also pollutes the environment seriously, affects the quality of metal deposited by electrodeposition, and changes the properties of electrolyte. Many workshops use lye to absorb chlorine gas, which is used to solve a series of problems caused by the formation of chlorine gas. However, when the chlorine gas is absorbed with lye, the cost will be increased. In this paper, the oxygen evolution potential and chlorine evolution potential of different electrodes were measured in order to select an electrode with lower oxygen evolution potential than chlorine evolution potential. There has been little research on the electrode with low oxygen evolution potential. Therefore, considering the harm of chlorine to the health of workshop workers, it is necessary to study an electrode with low oxygen evolution potential in the process of metal deposition in chloride solution. At the same time, considering the cost, in the preparation of electrode, try to use non-precious metals instead of precious metals. It is more urgent to develop electrode material which can be used in acidic medium with low oxygen evolution potential. In this paper, the preparation technology of titanium substrate coating electrode is studied firstly, including the temperature of preparation, the preparation method of outer layer and so on. The purpose of this study is to prepare an electrode suitable for use in strong acidic solution (pH = 2 渭 3) at high current density, and the oxygen evolution potential of the electrode is lower than that of chlorine evolution potential. Then, three types of electrodes were studied, including carbon series electrodes (carbon cloth electrode, carbon felt electrode, viscose base felt), titanium series electrode (prepared A electrode, titanium matrix iridium tantalum coated electrode). The oxygen evolution potential, chlorine evolution potential and electrode life of the three types of electrodes were studied by using Ti series ruthenium-iridium coated electrode and lead-silver electrode. Finally, the experiment was summarized and prospected. The Ti-based ruthenium-iridium coated electrode was selected from the studied electrode, which was most suitable for use in strong acidic solution and high current density.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TQ150.6

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