染料敏化太阳能电池插层水滑石复合电解质的研究

发布时间：2019-04-27 22:12

【摘要】：染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)以其生产成本低、制备工艺简单、环保无污染以及理论转化效率高等优点受到人们的广泛关注。经过十几年的探索和研究,己经取得很大的突破,离实用化的距离也越来越近。然而,液态电解质电池仍然有许多需要改进的地方,比如电池的工作稳定性差,封装困难等问题。传统的液态电解质DSSC技术成熟,光电转换效率较高,但同时存在着易挥发、易泄露、难封装等缺点。面对液态电解质电池存在的这些问题,本文提出了一种二维插层水滑石凝胶复合电解质,利用水滑石(LDH)的特殊层状结构,形成碘离子运动的快速通道,通过层间纳米通道的量子限域效应,显著地提高凝胶电解质的电化学性能和DSSC的光电性能。首先,本文采用液相沉积法制备了LDH,并对其进行了XRD和SEM测试。然后分别配制了含水滑石质量分数为0wt%、3wt%、5wt、7wt%的准固态复合电解质,并对其做了电化学交流阻抗和离子扩散系数的测试。最后,将其组装成电池,并测试了它们的光电性能。实验结果显示,含有5wt%水滑石的复合凝胶电解质组装的DSSC,其光电性能最好。在标准光强下,测得其光电转换效率达到了2.05%,比不加入水滑石时提高了2倍。其次,本文还研究了水滑石一系列的插层化合物,通过改变水滑石的层间距离,来研究其复合电解质的电化学性能和对应电池的光电性能。为此,我们采用离子交换的方法合成了硬脂酸柱撑水滑石(LDH-St)和十二烷基硫酸柱撑水滑石(LDH-DS),并对其做了XRD测试,其层间距离由原来的0.78nm,分别扩充到了2.54nm和3.69nm。然后我们分别配制了含LDH-0wt%、LDH-5wt%、LDH-DS-5wt%、LDH-St-5wt%的准固态复合电解质,并测试了其电化学性能和电池的光电性能。结果表明,层间距离最大的LDH-St组装的电池光电性能最好,其转化效率达到了3.44%。DSSC光电性能提高的原因也被详细分析。
[Abstract]:Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has attracted much attention due to its low production cost, simple preparation process, environmental protection and pollution-free, and high theoretical conversion efficiency. After more than ten years of exploration and research, great breakthroughs have been made, and the distance from practicality is getting closer and nearer. However, there are still many improvements to be made in liquid electrolyte batteries, such as poor stability, difficult packaging and so on. The traditional liquid electrolyte DSSC technology is mature, photoelectric conversion efficiency is high, but at the same time, it is easy to volatilize, easy to leak, difficult to seal and so on. In this paper, a two-dimensional intercalated hydrotalcite gel composite electrolyte is proposed to form a fast channel of iodine ion movement by using the special layered structure of hydrotalcite (LDH). The electrochemical properties of gel electrolytes and the photoelectric properties of DSSC were improved by quantum confinement effect of interlayer nano-channels. Firstly, LDH, was prepared by liquid phase deposition and tested by XRD and SEM. Then the quasisolid composite electrolytes containing 0 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt% and 7 wt% hydrotalcite were prepared respectively, and their electrochemical impedance and ion diffusion coefficient were measured. Finally, they are assembled into batteries and their photoelectric properties are tested. The experimental results show that the composite gel electrolyte containing 5 wt% hydrotalcite has the best optical and electrical properties. Under the standard light intensity, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 2.05%, which is 2 times higher than that without hydrotalcite. Secondly, a series of hydrotalcite intercalation compounds are studied in this paper. By changing the interlayer distance of hydrotalcite, the electrochemical performance of hydrotalcite composite electrolyte and the photoelectric performance of the corresponding battery are studied. Therefore, stearic acid pillared hydrotalcite (LDH-St) and dodecyl sulfate pillared hydrotalcite (LDH-DS) were synthesized by ion exchange method and tested by XRD. It has been expanded to 2.54nm and 3.69 nm respectively. Then the quasi-solid composite electrolyte containing LDH-0wt%,LDH-5wt%,LDH-DS-5wt%,LDH-St-5wt% was prepared and its electrochemical performance and photoelectric performance were tested. The results show that the cell assembled by LDH-St with the largest interlayer distance has the best photoelectric performance, and the reason why the conversion efficiency of 3.44%.DSSC is improved is also analyzed in detail.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

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