基于响应的电力系统暂态稳定性实时判别与控制技术的研究

发布时间：2019-05-16 23:09

【摘要】：基于实时广域测量信息进行了电力系统暂态稳定分析的理论探讨、数学模型的建立、动态特征信息提取、受扰轨迹预测、实时暂态稳定判据、主导失稳模式识别及切机控制措施量化等方面的研究,研究了基于广域实测信息的电力系统暂态稳定响应控制策略。广域测量系统可以获得全网的实时动态响应数据,由于测量数据是海量的,需要从海量测量数据中提取部分动态特征信息进行研究,从而避免对海量数据的处理,提高暂态稳定分析的速度。动态特征信息必须要能全面反映系统受扰后的暂态稳定过程,考虑到多机系统暂态稳定问题的复杂性,单一依靠某种特征信息可能很难准确识别系统的稳定性。因此,基于广域测量信息的暂态稳定研究,需要综合利用多种动态特征信息。电力系统受扰轨迹变化趋势十分复杂,具有很强的非线性特性,要求在暂态稳定受扰轨迹的预测模型必须能实时跟踪曲线的变化趋势,及时调整模型参数以提高预测性能。本文基于预测模型参数的特性,提出了一种预测模型参数自适应调整技术,主要目的是跟踪受扰轨迹的非线性变化,利用最新的测量值,及时调整模型参数从而实现总体最优预测性能。模型参数自适应技术主要分为内外两部分循环计算,内循环计算根据预测模型得到预测结果,外循环计算基于最新测量值,根据模型参数自适应调整原则,及时修正模型参数,提高模型的适应能力。实时暂态稳定性判据是实现暂态稳定实时决策的关键,对多机系统而言,系统发生扰动时输电断面联络线的特征信息能有效反映两侧系统间的摇摆情况。本文基于联络线特征信息提出了一种基于功率-相角-频率的快速判据,仅使用有限的、关键的网络特征信息进行设计,因此具有快速性和实用性。在进行失稳识别时,首先判断系统是否进入不稳定区域,然后判断系统是否有趋于失稳的倾向,最后判断系统是否会越过不稳定平衡点。基于实际系统进行了仿真验证,结果表明运用此判据可准确地判别暂态功角失稳。暂态功角失稳与暂态电压失稳是故障后系统在暂态过程中的两种主要表现形式,暂态功角失稳和暂态电压失稳的主导性识别,是进行暂态稳定控制的前提。本文研究表明,暂态过程中输电断面联络线有功功率的变化量包含两部分分量,一部分与联络线母线电压相角相关,另一部分与联络线母线电压幅值相关。这两部分分量与失稳模式之间存在如下关系：当电压失稳为主导失稳模式时,输电断面功率改变量主要由与母线电压幅值相关的分量引起,当功角失稳为主导失稳模式时,输电断面功率改变量主要由与母线电压相角差相关的分量引起。基于这种关系,本文提出了一种功率全微分的主导失稳模式识别判据,为后续紧急控制提供决策依据。进行暂态稳定紧急控制时,首先需要确定合理的切机量。基于暂态能量函数的切机控制措施量化方法,要求能量函数能精确地反映出导致系统失稳的暂态能量。修正的暂态能量函数与同步坐标下和惯量中心坐标下的暂态能量函数相比,最能反映导致系统失稳时的暂态能量。基于修正的暂态能量函数,本文定义了系统的加速能量函数。基于临界切机量时系统加速能量所满足的特性方程,提出了一种基于系统加速能量的临界切机量求取方法。与基于等面积法则的传统方法不同,该方法不需要计算系统的不稳定平衡点,积分路径拟合及积分计算过程简单。
[Abstract]:Based on the real-time wide area measurement information, the theory of transient stability analysis of the power system, the establishment of the mathematical model, the information extraction of dynamic characteristic, the prediction of disturbed trace, the real-time transient stability criterion, the dominant instability pattern recognition and the quantification of the control measures of the cutting machine are carried out. The transient stability response control strategy of power system based on wide area measurement information is studied. The wide area measurement system can obtain the real-time dynamic response data of the whole network, because the measurement data is massive, part of the dynamic characteristic information is extracted from the mass measurement data, so that the processing of the mass data is avoided, the speed of the transient stability analysis is improved, The dynamic characteristic information must be able to fully reflect the transient stability process after the system is disturbed. Considering the complexity of the transient stability problem of the multi-machine system, it may be difficult to accurately identify the stability of the system by relying on some characteristic information. Therefore, based on the transient stability study of wide area measurement information, it is necessary to comprehensively utilize a variety of dynamic characteristic letters The variation trend of the disturbed trajectory of the power system is very complex and has a strong non-linear characteristic. It is required that the prediction model of the disturbed trajectory of the transient stability must be able to track the change trend of the curve in real time and adjust the model parameters in time to improve the pre- In this paper, based on the characteristics of the parameters of the prediction model, a model parameter adaptive adjustment technique is proposed. The main purpose of this paper is to track the non-linear change of the disturbed track, and to use the latest measurement to adjust the model parameters in a timely manner so as to achieve the overall optimal pre-estimation. The model parameter self-adaptation technology is mainly divided into two parts of internal and external circulation calculation, the internal circulation calculation obtains the prediction result according to the prediction model, the external circulation calculation is based on the latest measurement value, the model parameters are corrected in time according to the model parameter self-adaptive adjustment principle, the adaptability of the model is improved, The real-time transient stability criterion is the key to realize the transient stability real-time decision. In this paper, based on the characteristic information of the tie line, a fast criterion based on power-phase angle-frequency is proposed, and only the limited and key network characteristic information is used for the design. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, judging whether the system enters an unstable region or not, and then judging whether the system has a tendency to be unstable, and finally judging whether the system can cross the unstable region or not, The stability equilibrium point is obtained based on the actual system. The results show that this criterion can be used to determine the temporary stability. The transient power angle instability and the transient voltage instability are two main expressions of the system in the transient process, the transient power angle instability and the dominant identification of the transient voltage instability, and the transient power angle instability and the transient voltage instability are the transient state power angle instability and the transient voltage instability. The premise of stable control is that the change of the active power of the tie-line of the transmission section in the transient process includes two parts, one part of which is related to the phase angle of the bus voltage of the connecting line, and the other part is connected with the tie-line bus The voltage amplitude of the power transmission section is related to the amplitude of the line voltage. When the voltage instability is the dominant instability mode, the power change amount of the power transmission section is mainly caused by the component related to the voltage amplitude of the bus voltage, and when the power angle is unstable, the power change amount is mainly caused by the component related to the voltage amplitude of the bus voltage. The power change of the power transmission section is mainly caused by the phase angle difference with the bus voltage when the main failure mode is dominant. Based on this relationship, this paper presents a criterion of dominant instability pattern recognition for power full differential, which is a follow-up emergency control. The system provides decision-making basis. In case of transient stability emergency control, first, In order to determine the reasonable amount of the cutting machine, the quantitative method of the control measures of the cutting machine based on the transient energy function requires that the energy function can be accurately reflected The transient energy of the system's instability. The modified transient energy function is best reflected by the transient energy function under the coordinates of the synchronous coordinate and the inertia center. The transient energy of the system. Based on the modified transient energy function, this paper defines the transient energy. The acceleration energy function of the system. Based on the characteristic equation of the system's acceleration energy when the critical cutting machine is used, a system-based acceleration energy is proposed. The method for calculating the quantity of the critical cutting machine is different from the traditional method based on the equal area rule. The method does not need to calculate the unstable equilibrium point of the system and the integral path fitting.
【学位授予单位】：中国电力科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM712

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