基于生命周期评价的高参数垃圾焚烧发电工艺比较研究

发布时间：2019-05-20 14:37

【摘要】：城市生活垃圾逐渐成为城市发展历程中一个不容忽视的制约点，如何经济、环保的处理城市生活垃圾已成为众多学者和环保人士研究的热点；生命周期评价（LCA）作为一种环境管理评价工具，可运用于城市生活垃圾处理评价中。本论文针对常州市生活垃圾的特点，选取高参数垃圾焚烧发电工艺、中参数垃圾焚烧发电工艺和卫生填埋三种垃圾处理方案进行比较；首先比对高参数与中参数垃圾焚烧发电工艺在焚烧锅炉、余热锅炉和锅炉防腐技术上的不同，其次构建高参数垃圾焚烧发电工艺、中参数垃圾焚烧发电工艺和卫生填埋的生命周期模型，最后分析三种垃圾处理方案和高参数各生产环节的全球变暖、富营养、酸化化、光化学臭氧合成和生态毒性的环境影响潜值，结果如下：（1）通过比对高参数与中参数焚烧工艺的焚烧锅炉及余热锅炉，，高参数垃圾焚烧热灼减率要小于中参数热灼减率，且两种参数管道材质与管壁厚度具有一定的差异。受热面上高参数水冷壁辐射吸热量的占比相比较中参数提升了21.9%，省煤器的吸热占比相比较下降了17.3%；余热锅炉的管束节距上高参数在通流部分、蒸发器部分的管束比中参数平均增加20mm，过热器部分横向节距高参数比中参数增加35mm。（2）构建生命周期模型中，高参数垃圾焚烧工艺采用渗滤液回喷炉膛的方式焚烧处理，但回喷炉膛焚烧处理会对发电产量有一定的影响；通过计算得知，高参数与中参数焚烧1t生活垃圾的发电量分别为304.83kwh和278.82kwh。（3）通过特征化、标准化及加权处理得出三种处理方案及高参数不同阶段对全球变暖、酸化、富营养化、光化学臭氧合成和生态毒性五种环境影响类型评价的总环境影响潜值；通过比对可知，卫生填埋对全球变暖和光化学臭氧合成较其它两种垃圾处理方案的环境影响潜值要偏大，而中参数垃圾焚烧工艺对酸化、富营养化和生态毒性较其它两种垃圾处理方案的环境影响潜值要偏大；高参数垃圾焚烧工艺中环境影响的主要产生阶段是焚烧环节。（4）高参数采用“SNCR＋半干法＋干法＋活性炭吸附＋布袋除尘”组合烟气净化系统和渗滤液回喷炉膛处理可减少高参数垃圾焚烧工艺对酸化和富营养化的环境影响贡献值。对常州市而言，高参数垃圾焚烧工艺相比较中参数垃圾焚烧工艺和卫生填埋产生的环境负荷量最小。
[Abstract]:Municipal solid waste (MSW) has gradually become a constraint point that can not be ignored in the course of urban development. How to deal with MSW economically and environmentally has become the focus of research by many scholars and environmentalists. Life cycle assessment (LCA), as an environmental management evaluation tool, can be used in the evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment. According to the characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Changzhou City, three kinds of waste disposal schemes, high parameter MSW incineration power generation technology, medium parameter MSW incineration power generation technology and sanitary landfill treatment scheme, are compared in this paper. Firstly, the differences between high parameter and medium parameter waste incineration power generation technology in incineration boiler, waste heat boiler and boiler anticorrosion technology are compared. Secondly, the high parameter waste incineration power generation process is constructed. The life cycle model of medium parameter waste incineration power generation process and sanitary landfill is analyzed. Finally, three kinds of waste treatment schemes and the global warming, eutrophication and acidization of each production link with high parameters are analyzed. The environmental impact potential of photochemical ozone synthesis and ecotoxicity is as follows: (1) by comparing incinerator and waste heat boiler with high parameter and medium parameter incineration process, The thermal burning rate of high parameter MSW incineration is smaller than that of medium parameter MSW incineration, and there is a certain difference between the material of the two kinds of parameter pipeline and the thickness of pipe wall. The heat absorption ratio of high parameter water wall radiation on the heating surface is increased by 21.9%, and the endothermic ratio of economizer is decreased by 17.3%. The high parameters on the tube beam pitch of the waste heat boiler are in the flow passage part, the tube beam ratio of the evaporator part is increased by 20 mm on average, and the transverse pitch high parameter of the superheater part is 35 mm higher than that of the middle parameter. (2) in the life cycle model, the high parameter waste incineration process adopts leachate reinjection furnace incineration treatment, but the reinjection furnace incineration treatment will have a certain impact on the power generation output; The results show that the power generation of 1t municipal solid waste incineration with high and medium parameters is 304.83kwh and 278.82kwhl, respectively. (3) through characterization, standardization and weighting, three treatment schemes and different stages of high parameters for global warming, acidizing and eutrophication are obtained. The total environmental impact potential of photochemical ozone synthesis and ecotoxicity assessment of five environmental impact types; Through the comparison, it can be seen that the environmental potential of sanitary landfill on global warming and photochemical ozone synthesis is greater than that of the other two waste treatment schemes, while the medium parameter waste incineration process has a greater potential for acidizing. The potential environmental impact of eutrophication and ecotoxicity was higher than that of the other two garbage treatment schemes. The main stage of environmental impact in high parameter MSW incineration process is incineration. (4) the contribution of high parameter waste incineration process to acidizing and eutrophication can be reduced by using "SNCR+ semi-dry process + activated carbon adsorption + bag dust removal" combined flue gas purification system and leachate reinjection furnace treatment. For Changzhou City, the environmental load produced by parameter MSW incineration process and sanitary landfill is the smallest compared with the high parameter MSW incineration process.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM619;X705

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