表贴式永磁同步电机无位置传感器驱动技术研究

发布时间：2019-05-27 02:31

【摘要】：表贴式永磁同步电机因其结构简单、功率密度高、效率高以及便于控制等显著优点，被广泛应用于航天、工业和家用电器等领域。永磁同步电机的无位置传感器控制技术能够降低系统成本，提高系统可靠性，具有重要的研究价值。本文以基于表贴式永磁同步电机的风机系统为背景，重点研究了高精度、高可靠性的表贴式永磁同步电机的无位置传感器控制技术。此外，为提高风机工业应用的可靠性，研究了风机系统的短时断电应对策略。为解决滑模观测器低速域辨识精度低的问题，研究了一种电流闭环的无位置传感器起动方法，对其自稳定机理进行了分析，通过对起动过程的建模分析，给出了起动过程的参数选取规则。介绍了一种切换策略，实现了位置开环起动和中高速无位置传感器矢量控制两种控制模式的平稳切换。研究了一种改进滑模观测器实现了中高速范围内，风机系统的无位置传感器可靠、高效驱动。改进滑模观测器设计了具有自适应滤波功能的反电动势观测器来代替传统滑模观测器中的低通滤波器，实现了电机电流和反电动势的全阶观测，具有更高的精度和可靠性。采用正交锁相环提取转子位置和电机转速信息，对正交锁相环的带宽和主导极点进行了分析，给出了正交锁相环的参数配置规则，提高了系统的高频抗干扰能力。研究了一种适用于风机系统的短时断电应对策略。在研究永磁同步电机制动过程和能量流动的基础上，对三相全桥有源整流电路进行了建模分析，提出了风机系统短时断电过程中电压电流双闭环控制策略。在短时断电工况下，利用电机和负载侧存储机械能对直流侧母线电压进行控制，避免了短时断电造成的重复起动及安全隐患，，提高了系统工业应用的可靠性。最后，在500W风机平台上对基于改进滑模观测器的无位置传感器矢量控制、风机短时断电应对策略及起动策略进行了仿真和实验验证。实验结果证明了本文理论分析的准确性和提出算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Table-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used in aerospace, industry and household appliances because of its simple structure, high power density, high efficiency and easy control. The sensorless control technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) can reduce the cost of the system and improve the reliability of the system, which is of great research value. Based on the fan system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the position sensorless control technology of PMSM with high precision and reliability is studied in this paper. In addition, in order to improve the reliability of fan industrial application, the short-term power outage strategy of fan system is studied. In order to solve the problem of low speed domain identification accuracy of sliding mode observer, a current closed loop sensorless starting method is studied, and its self-stabilization mechanism is analyzed. through the modeling and analysis of the starting process, The selection rules of parameters in starting process are given. A switching strategy is introduced, which realizes the smooth switching of position open-loop starting and medium and high speed sensorless vector control. An improved sliding mode observer is studied to realize the position sensorless reliable and efficient drive of fan system in the middle and high speed range. The improved sliding mode observer designs a back EMF observer with adaptive filtering function to replace the low pass filter in the traditional sliding mode observer, which realizes the full order observation of motor current and back EMF, and has higher accuracy and reliability. The rotor position and motor speed information are extracted by orthogonal phase-locked loop (OPLL). The bandwidth and dominant pole of OPLL are analyzed, and the parameter allocation rules of OPLL are given, which improves the high frequency anti-interference ability of the system. A short-term power outage response strategy for fan system is studied. On the basis of studying the braking process and energy flow of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the three-phase full-bridge active rectifier circuit is modeled and analyzed, and the double closed-loop control strategy of voltage and current in the process of short time power outage of fan system is put forward. Under the condition of short time power outage, the DC side bus voltage can be controlled by using motor and load side storage machinery, which avoids the hidden trouble of repeated starting and safety caused by short time power outage, and improves the reliability of the industrial application of the system. Finally, the sensorless vector control based on the improved sliding mode observer, the short-term power outage response strategy and the starting strategy of the fan are simulated and verified by experiments on the 500W fan platform. The experimental results show the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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