小型燃气内燃发电机组的非线性鲁棒控制研究

发布时间：2019-05-27 22:53

【摘要】：传统的火力发电方式以及一些规模较小的电力网络中采用的柴油发电方式都是通过燃烧化石燃料来进行发电的,但随着社会的快速发展,用电需求越来越大,这些传统的发电方式无疑会带来严重的环境问题。内燃机在工农业中的诸多方面均有广泛应用,燃气内燃发电机因其采用对环境友好的清洁能源(天然气等)作为燃料,减少了对环境的污染,且具有体积小、运行可靠、发电效率高等优点,因此发展潜力巨大。本文在建立燃气内燃发电机模型的基础上,利用扩张状态观测器,研究了提高燃气内燃发电机的动态品质的非线性鲁棒控制技术,并在单机无穷大系统和海上平台多机系统中进行了仿真分析。本文首先对内燃机的工作原理进行了介绍,并对内燃机转速控制中的空燃比控制方式及点火提前角控制方式进行了阐述,结合汽轮机在电力系统中的建模方法,在DIgSILENT/Powerfactory软件平台下,根据燃气内燃机的工作过程,建立了燃气内燃机及其调速系统的模型。并根据某厂家提供的燃气内燃发电机参数,建立了燃气内燃机接入的单机无穷大系统模型,仿真验证了该建模方法的有效性。然后,介绍了扩张状态观测器适用于任意阶次系统中的参数设计方法,在该方法中,只要对补偿矩阵的极点配置合理,扩张状态观测器均能快速无超调的跟踪系统状态量的变化,并能实时估计系统模型的不确定变化及外部扰动。基于扩张状态观测器,研究了非线性鲁棒控制技术,结合线性最优控制原理,将非线性系统简化为线性系统进行控制设计,并给出了仿真实例。应用基于扩张状态观测器的非线性鲁棒控制技术,对燃气内燃发电机的附加节气门控制和附加励磁控制进行了设计,并在单机无穷大系统中进行了不同情况下的仿真分析。最后,本文选取了某海上平台微电网中的三个平台作为研究对象系统,将6台小型燃气内燃发电机接入其中构成多机系统,并将设计的附加节气门控制和附加励磁控制应用于多机系统中的燃气内燃发电机控制系统中,仿真分析不同的情况下控制器的效果,仿真结果表明,设计的控制器能较好的提高系统的稳定性和鲁棒性。
[Abstract]:The traditional thermal power generation method and some diesel power generation methods used in some smaller power networks are generated by burning fossil fuels, but with the rapid development of society, the demand for electricity is increasing. These traditional ways of generating electricity will undoubtedly bring serious environmental problems. Internal combustion engine is widely used in many aspects of industry and agriculture. Gas internal combustion generator uses environmentally friendly clean energy (natural gas, etc.) as fuel, which reduces the pollution to the environment, and has small volume and reliable operation. Power generation efficiency and other advantages, so the development potential is huge. In this paper, on the basis of establishing the model of gas internal combustion generator, the nonlinear robust control technology for improving the dynamic quality of gas internal combustion generator is studied by using the extended state observer. The simulation analysis is carried out in single machine infinite bus system and offshore platform multi-computer system. In this paper, the working principle of internal combustion engine is introduced, and the air-fuel ratio control mode and ignition advance angle control mode in internal combustion engine speed control are described, combined with the modeling method of steam turbine in power system. Under the DIgSILENT/Powerfactory software platform, according to the working process of the gas internal combustion engine, the model of the gas internal combustion engine and its speed regulation system is established. According to the parameters of gas internal combustion generator provided by a certain manufacturer, a single machine infinite bus system model connected to gas internal combustion engine is established, and the effectiveness of the modeling method is verified by simulation. Then, the parameter design method of extended state observer for arbitrary order systems is introduced. in this method, as long as the pole assignment of compensation matrix is reasonable, The extended state observer can track the change of the state quantity of the system quickly and without overshoot, and can estimate the uncertain change and external disturbance of the system model in real time. Based on the extended state observer, the nonlinear robust control technology is studied. combined with the linear optimal control principle, the nonlinear system is simplified to a linear system for control design, and a simulation example is given. The nonlinear robust control technology based on extended state observer is used to design the additional throttle control and additional excitation control of gas internal combustion generator, and the simulation analysis under different conditions is carried out in a single machine infinite bus system. Finally, three platforms of an offshore platform microgrid are selected as the research object system, and six small gas internal combustion generators are connected to it to form a multi-machine system. The designed additional throttle control and additional excitation control are applied to the gas internal combustion generator control system in multi-machine system. The effect of the controller is simulated and analyzed under different conditions. The simulation results show that, The designed controller can improve the stability and robustness of the system.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM31

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