APFC在电动汽车充电机中的应用研究
发布时间：2019-06-08 07:35
【摘要】：近年来,随着电力电子技术的不断进步,大量电力电子设备的接入给电网带来了一系列严重的问题。电源作为电力电子设备最重要的组成部分之一,其品质的优劣对用电设备的性能会产生很大的影响。开关电源自产生以来,给人们的生活带来了很大的方便,同时也因为自身的非线性和低功率因数等特点使电网的谐波污染更加严重。APFC技术能够减小输入电流的谐波含量,提高开关电源的功率因数,因此越来越受到人们的重视。APFC技术的研究有利于推动我国开关电源的全面市场化,以及我国的电力电子器件走向国际。本论文结合3500W电动汽车充电机项目,研究采用平均电流控制的Boost型APFC电路原理。首先对电动汽车充电机的电路结构进行总体分析,对前级APFC的原理与后级DC/DC级的原理进行详细地分析。分析三种常见的电流控制方式,对其特点和存在的输出纹波和输入谐波的问题进行研究。对于DC/DC级,采用基频分量法对LLC谐振变换器建立小信号模型,得到小信号模型和直流增益函数。分析直流增益函数随参数的变化情况,进一步研究谐振变换器的参数设计方法。然后对APFC主电路与控制电路进行了大量的参数计算,主电路主要是升压电感、输出电容、采样电阻的计算,控制电路主要是外围电路、电压调节器、电流调节器的参数计算。其中外围电路又包括前馈滤波电路、振荡器和峰值限流电路,最后得到完整的仿真电路的参数。采用SIMetrix/SIMPLIS软件搭建仿真电路模型并进行仿真,仿真结果达到了预设定指标,表明本文建立的模型的正确性。在初步设计参数的基础上,分别对主电路与控制电路进行小信号建模,得到系统完整的小信号模型。以相角裕度、幅值裕度等指标为约束条件,分别选取剪切频率与纹波增益为目标函数,建立电流环和电压环的优化数学模型,采用遗传算法对电压环和电流环优化数学模型进行求解。优化后的电压环与电流环在稳定性方面有了提高,而且电流环对噪声的抑制能力与电压环对纹波的抑制能力都加强了。在此基础上,搭建了实验电路并进行调试,主要分析研究了APFC电路实现过程中出现的各种问题和解决方法,实验结果表明本文设计的实验电路输出电压稳定在直流400V左右,输入电流能够严格跟踪输入电压波形,提高了电路的功率因数。接着改进了主电路的拓扑结构,采用结构简单、升压比高的带抽头电感的Boost型APFC电路,有效地解决了功率开关管的冲击电流和二极管的结温问题。最后,根据输入输出指标对后级的LLC谐振变换器的电路参数进行设计,在SIMetrix仿真软件中搭建基于芯片UCC25600的仿真模型,验证变换器能够在输出200V至500V之间有效地工作,提高了电路的效率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous progress of power electronics technology, the access of a large number of power electronic equipment has brought a series of serious problems to the power grid. As one of the most important components of power electronic equipment, the quality of power supply will have a great impact on the performance of electrical equipment. Since the generation of switching power supply, it has brought great convenience to people's life, at the same time, because of its own nonlinear and low power factor and other characteristics, the harmonic pollution of power grid is more serious. APFC technology can reduce the harmonic content of input current. People pay more and more attention to improving the power factor of switching power supply. The research of APFC technology is beneficial to promote the overall marketization of switching power supply in our country, and the power electronic devices in our country go to the world. Based on the charger project of 3500W electric vehicle, the principle of boost APFC circuit controlled by average current is studied in this paper. Firstly, the circuit structure of electric vehicle charger is analyzed in detail, and the principle of front stage APFC and the principle of rear stage DC/DC stage are analyzed in detail. Three common current control methods are analyzed, and their characteristics and the existing problems of output ripples and input harmonics are studied. For DC/DC stage, the small signal model and DC gain function are obtained by using the fundamental frequency component method to establish a small signal model for LLC resonant converter. The variation of DC gain function with parameters is analyzed, and the parameter design method of resonant converter is further studied. Then a large number of parameters are calculated for the main circuit and control circuit of APFC. The main circuit is mainly the calculation of boost inductance, output capacitance and sampling resistance, and the control circuit is mainly the parameter calculation of peripheral circuit, voltage regulator and current regulator. The peripheral circuit includes feedforward filter circuit, oscillator and peak current limiting circuit. Finally, the parameters of the complete simulation circuit are obtained. The simulation circuit model is built and simulated by SIMetrix/SIMPLIS software, and the simulation results reach the preset index, which shows the correctness of the model established in this paper. On the basis of the preliminary design parameters, the small signal modeling of the main circuit and the control circuit is carried out respectively, and the complete small signal model of the system is obtained. Taking the phase angle margin, amplitude margin and other indexes as constraints, the optimization mathematical models of current loop and voltage loop are established by selecting shear frequency and ripple gain as objective functions, respectively. Genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization mathematical model of voltage loop and current loop. The stability of the optimized voltage loop and current loop is improved, and the suppression ability of current loop to noise and the suppression ability of voltage loop to ripples are strengthened. On this basis, the experimental circuit is built and debugged, and the problems and solutions in the realization of APFC circuit are analyzed and studied. the experimental results show that the output voltage of the experimental circuit designed in this paper is stable at about 400V DC. The input current can strictly track the input voltage waveform and improve the power factor of the circuit. Then the topology of the main circuit is improved. The boost APFC circuit with tap inductance with simple structure and high boost ratio is used to effectively solve the problems of impulse current and diode junction temperature of the power switch. Finally, according to the input and output index, the circuit parameters of the later stage LLC resonant converter are designed, and the simulation model based on chip UCC25600 is built in the SIMetrix simulation software to verify that the converter can work effectively between 200V and 500V. The efficiency of the circuit is improved.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM46;U469.72
本文编号：2495114
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous progress of power electronics technology, the access of a large number of power electronic equipment has brought a series of serious problems to the power grid. As one of the most important components of power electronic equipment, the quality of power supply will have a great impact on the performance of electrical equipment. Since the generation of switching power supply, it has brought great convenience to people's life, at the same time, because of its own nonlinear and low power factor and other characteristics, the harmonic pollution of power grid is more serious. APFC technology can reduce the harmonic content of input current. People pay more and more attention to improving the power factor of switching power supply. The research of APFC technology is beneficial to promote the overall marketization of switching power supply in our country, and the power electronic devices in our country go to the world. Based on the charger project of 3500W electric vehicle, the principle of boost APFC circuit controlled by average current is studied in this paper. Firstly, the circuit structure of electric vehicle charger is analyzed in detail, and the principle of front stage APFC and the principle of rear stage DC/DC stage are analyzed in detail. Three common current control methods are analyzed, and their characteristics and the existing problems of output ripples and input harmonics are studied. For DC/DC stage, the small signal model and DC gain function are obtained by using the fundamental frequency component method to establish a small signal model for LLC resonant converter. The variation of DC gain function with parameters is analyzed, and the parameter design method of resonant converter is further studied. Then a large number of parameters are calculated for the main circuit and control circuit of APFC. The main circuit is mainly the calculation of boost inductance, output capacitance and sampling resistance, and the control circuit is mainly the parameter calculation of peripheral circuit, voltage regulator and current regulator. The peripheral circuit includes feedforward filter circuit, oscillator and peak current limiting circuit. Finally, the parameters of the complete simulation circuit are obtained. The simulation circuit model is built and simulated by SIMetrix/SIMPLIS software, and the simulation results reach the preset index, which shows the correctness of the model established in this paper. On the basis of the preliminary design parameters, the small signal modeling of the main circuit and the control circuit is carried out respectively, and the complete small signal model of the system is obtained. Taking the phase angle margin, amplitude margin and other indexes as constraints, the optimization mathematical models of current loop and voltage loop are established by selecting shear frequency and ripple gain as objective functions, respectively. Genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization mathematical model of voltage loop and current loop. The stability of the optimized voltage loop and current loop is improved, and the suppression ability of current loop to noise and the suppression ability of voltage loop to ripples are strengthened. On this basis, the experimental circuit is built and debugged, and the problems and solutions in the realization of APFC circuit are analyzed and studied. the experimental results show that the output voltage of the experimental circuit designed in this paper is stable at about 400V DC. The input current can strictly track the input voltage waveform and improve the power factor of the circuit. Then the topology of the main circuit is improved. The boost APFC circuit with tap inductance with simple structure and high boost ratio is used to effectively solve the problems of impulse current and diode junction temperature of the power switch. Finally, according to the input and output index, the circuit parameters of the later stage LLC resonant converter are designed, and the simulation model based on chip UCC25600 is built in the SIMetrix simulation software to verify that the converter can work effectively between 200V and 500V. The efficiency of the circuit is improved.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM46;U469.72
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 杨汝;平均电流模式的控制电路设计[J];电力电子技术;2002年04期
2 鲁芳;朱飞翔;吴青坡;;基于小信号模型的Boost-PFC控制电路优化设计[J];现代电子技术;2010年06期
，本文编号：2495114
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