风力发电系统实验测试及最大功率跟踪控制研究

发布时间：2019-06-10 07:28

【摘要】：风能作为一种无污染、可持续发展的能源越来越受到人类的重视。风力发电作为一种风能的主要利用形式正以前所未有的速度发展，风力发电代替传统能源发电的比例正逐步上升，并在电力系统中越来越受到欢迎和重视。首先，，本文阐述了国内外能源现状，论述了研究风电的必要性，介绍了风电研究现状；给出了离网小型风力发电系统的系统结构，包含了定桨距风力机、永磁同步直驱发电机、三相不可控二极管整流电路、Boost变换器、最大功率跟踪控制器等；介绍了风电系统的运行特性和功率调节的原理；分析研究了不同的最大功率跟踪控制算法的原理，对叶尖速比控制、功率信号反馈控制和扰动观察法等控制算法进行了分析比较；为了克服传统的扰动观察法的缺点，提出了一种新的变步长扰动观察法。其次，基于MATLAB/Simulink建立了离网小型风电系统仿真模型，对风电系统的特性进行了仿真，并且对固定步长扰动法和变步长扰动法进行了仿真，仿真结果表明，扰动观察法可以有效跟踪最大功率，与固定步长法相比，变步长扰动法提高了最大功率跟踪的准确性和快速性。最后，搭建了小型风力发电系统，对小型风电系统的外特性进行了测试；设计和实现了Boost电路和功率控制器，对离网小型风力发电进行了最大功率跟踪控制实验，实验结果证明扰动观察法可以有效跟踪最大功率。
[Abstract]:As a kind of pollution-free and sustainable energy, wind energy has been paid more and more attention by human beings. Wind power generation, as the main utilization form of wind energy, is developing at an unprecedented speed. The proportion of wind power generation instead of traditional energy power generation is gradually rising, and has been more and more popular and valued in the power system. First of all, this paper expounds the present situation of energy at home and abroad, discusses the necessity of studying wind power, and introduces the present situation of wind power research. The system structure of off-grid small wind power generation system is given, including fixed pitch wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous direct drive generator, three-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier circuit, Boost converter, maximum power tracking controller and so on. The operation characteristics of wind power system and the principle of power regulation are introduced. The principles of different maximum power tracking control algorithms are analyzed and studied, and the control algorithms such as tip speed ratio control, power signal feedback control and disturbance observation method are analyzed and compared. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional disturbance observation method, a new variable step disturbance observation method is proposed. Secondly, based on MATLAB/Simulink, the simulation model of off-grid small wind power system is established, the characteristics of wind power system are simulated, and the fixed step size disturbance method and variable step size disturbance method are simulated. The simulation results show that, The disturbance observation method can effectively track the maximum power. Compared with the fixed step size method, the variable step size disturbance method improves the accuracy and rapidity of the maximum power tracking. Finally, a small wind power generation system is built, and the external characteristics of the small wind power system are tested. The Boost circuit and power controller are designed and implemented, and the maximum power tracking control experiment is carried out for off-grid small wind power generation. The experimental results show that the disturbance observation method can effectively track the maximum power.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM614

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