16位可逆算术逻辑运算单元（ALU）的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-01-04 11:32

本文关键词：16位可逆算术逻辑运算单元（ALU）的研究与设计　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年来,功耗问题被证明是阻碍大规模、高密度集成电路发展的主要问题之一。Landauer原理指出了一个更基本的问题,那就是在计算过程中每一位不可逆信息的丢失必然会产生一定的热量。因此研究和解决量子可逆逻辑综合问题将有望推动超低功耗IC设计和量子计算机等领域的发展,因而成为了国际性的研究热点。然而,量子可逆逻辑综合问题的研究目前还处于起步阶段,相关知识和经验不足。相比之下,常规逻辑设计已经经过漫长的发展,具备了相当成熟的理论体系和设计成果。因此本文着重研究如何将常规逻辑电路的设计方法移植、复用于量子可逆逻辑电路的设计中,并通过设计较大规模可逆电路来证明其可行性。Toffoli门作为量子可逆电路中的通用门,其逻辑功能是与异或操作相似。基于ESOP表述式的组合量子电路设计方法就是先将逻辑函数转化为积之异或和(ESOP)的形式,再根据该表达式生成量子电路。这种方法具有表现直观,优化程度高等优点,因此它最适合用于人工设计。然而该方法会随着电路规模的扩大而失效。为此,我们可以使用模块化的综合方式来降低综合难度。首先将单个模块进行可逆化设计,在每个模块的可逆化设计中使用基于ESOP表达式的综合方法,然后再将各个模块按照规则组合在一起,通过添加垃圾位来保证整体的可逆性。本文结合以上两种方法设计出了一个四位可逆阵列乘法器,并通过参照74181算术逻辑运算单元(ALU)和74182先行进位部件(CLA)设计出了一个十六位可逆ALU。对于乘法操作来说,利用组合逻辑来实现的乘法器其规模往往会随着位数的增加而迅速增长。在常规逻辑中,乘法操作往往通过时序电路,利用移位相加的方法实现。然而,时序量子电路的设计还处于起步阶段,这是由于量子电路中对于“反馈”的限制。目前,对于时序量子电路的研究主要侧重于量子触发器的设计与研究,而对时序量子电路综合流程的研究却很少。已经提出的基于状态转移图的时序量子电路综合流程有很大的局限性,部分状态转移图无法用该方法综合。为了使该综合流程适用于任意状态转移图,在对特殊节点的综合中我们加入了归一操作。对该特殊节点的综合被分为六个具有不同功能的操作区来保证其可逆性。该方法极大的改进了之前方法的缺陷,而且拥有清晰易懂,易于程序实现等优点。为了证明该方法的实用性,我们利用该方法设计出一个基于时序量子电路的乘法器。
[Abstract]:In recent years, power consumption has proved to be one of the main problems that hinder the development of large scale and high density integrated circuits. Landauer principle points out a more basic problem. That is, the loss of every bit of irreversible information in the calculation process will inevitably produce certain heat. Therefore, the study and solution of quantum reversible logic synthesis will be expected to promote the ultra-low power IC design and quantum computer and other fields. The development of. Therefore, it has become an international research hotspot. However, the study of quantum reversible logic synthesis is still in its infancy, and the relevant knowledge and experience are insufficient. Conventional logic design has been through a long period of development, with a fairly mature theoretical system and design results. Therefore, this paper focuses on how to transplant the design methods of conventional logic circuits. It is used in the design of quantum reversible logic circuit, and the feasibility of it is proved by designing a large scale reversible circuit. Toffoli gate is used as a universal gate in quantum reversible circuit. The logic function is similar to the operation of XOR. The design method of combinational quantum circuit based on ESOP expression is to transform the logic function into the form of product XOR and ESOP first. Then the quantum circuit is generated according to the expression. This method has the advantages of intuitive performance and high degree of optimization, so it is the most suitable for manual design. However, the method will fail with the increase of circuit size. We can use the modular synthesis method to reduce the difficulty of synthesis. Firstly, the single module is reversible design, and the synthesis method based on ESOP expression is used in the reversible design of each module. Then the modules are combined according to the rules to ensure the overall reversibility by adding garbage bits. This paper designs a four-bit reversible array multiplier combined with the above two methods. A 16 bit reversible Alu is designed by referring to the arithmetic and logic operation unit (Alu) and the forward carry unit (Clara) of 74182. For multiplication operation. The multiplier realized by combinatorial logic tends to grow rapidly with the increase of bits. In conventional logic, multiplication is usually realized by sequential circuit and shift addition method. However. The design of sequential quantum circuits is still in its infancy, which is due to the limitation of "feedback" in quantum circuits. At present, the research of sequential quantum circuits mainly focuses on the design and research of quantum flip-flops. However, there is little research on sequential quantum circuit synthesis process. The proposed sequential quantum circuit synthesis process based on state transition graph has great limitations. Part of the state transition diagram can not be synthesized by this method. In order to make the synthesis process applicable to any state transition diagram. In the synthesis of special nodes, we add a normalized operation. The synthesis of the special nodes is divided into six operation areas with different functions to ensure its reversibility. This method greatly improves the defects of the previous methods. In order to prove the practicability of this method, we design a multiplier based on sequential quantum circuit.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN402

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