远距离目标红外辐射探测研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 20:09

本文关键词：远距离目标红外辐射探测研究　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：红外技术在现代军事、工业以及医学等领域已经越来越受到研究人员的重视并已经在各领域中得到越来越广泛的应用。红外辐射探测则是红外技术应用的一个重要方面,因此红外辐射的探测对理论研究和实际应用都有着非常重要的意义。本文主要研究远距离目标的红外辐射探测相关理论与技术。文章首先对红外技术以及红外辐射探测的研究背景及国内外研究现状进行了简要介绍。然后介绍了红外探测相关的理论基础,主要包括黑体及灰体辐射规律的相关理论。在介绍了红外辐射理论基础后,针对远距离目标的红外辐射探测在以下几个方面进行展开:1、首先分析讨论了远距离目标的辐射探测原理。本文采用双波段的原理进行高空远距离目标温度的测量,然后结合普朗克辐射定律计算目标的红外辐射。目标在3~5μm和8~12μm两个波段具有不同的辐射强度,根据双波段测温的原理,可以建立温度与比值的对应关系,然后由探测器接收到的两个波段不同辐射强度即可得出目标的温度。2、提出了一种目标投影面积的计算方法并讨论了远距离目标红外辐射强度的计算方法。在得到目标温度之后,目标的真实辐射强度可根据普朗克辐射定律计算出来,但前提是目标在视线方向上的投影面积已知,所以需建立目标投影面积的计算模型。在文中,根据辐射探测的目的,我们假设目标是一个圆锥体,并给出了不同观察方向下,目标投影面积的计算方法。3、分析了远距离探测时,大气的吸收、散射以及气象条件等因素对红外辐射的衰减影响,其中重点分析了水蒸气和CO2气体分子对红外辐射的吸收衰减,并考虑了各自的吸收透过率在不同海拔高度和倾斜距离传输条件下的修正。然后,在考虑地球曲率的情况下提出一种计算任意方向两点大气衰减的计算模型,并分别计算了3~5μm和8~12μm两个波段的大气吸收、散射以及气象条件的衰减结果。4、根据具体的数据以及图表讨论了远距离目标的红外辐射探测。首先,根据分析得到的数据,得出远距离红外辐射的探测对气象条件的要求,即必须在气象条件良好的情况下进行。然后,分析了远距离辐射探测对海拔高度的要求,并给出了不同海拔高度下红外辐射的衰减规律;接着,讨论了远距离目标的辐射探测在不同传输距离下的衰减规律;最后,给出了在特定海拔高度,不同探测距离下,目标的温度与双波段比值的具体关系,并给出简要分析。实验的具体计算结果表明,在10km左右高空的情况下,目标红外辐射测量的距离可以从低空测量的几十公里增加到几百公里,为进一步分析目标辐射特性提供了理论与技术上的支撑。
[Abstract]:Infrared technology in modern military. Industry and medicine and other fields have been paid more and more attention and have been more and more widely used in various fields. Infrared radiation detection is an important aspect of infrared technology applications. Therefore, the detection of infrared radiation is of great significance to both theoretical research and practical application. This paper mainly studies the theory and technology of infrared radiation detection of long-range targets. The background of the research and the research status at home and abroad are briefly introduced, and then the theoretical basis of infrared detection is introduced. After introducing the basic theory of infrared radiation, the infrared radiation detection of long-range targets is carried out in the following aspects: 1. Firstly, the principle of radiation detection of long distance target is analyzed and discussed. In this paper, the principle of double band is used to measure the temperature of high altitude and long distance target. Then the infrared radiation of the target is calculated in combination with Planck's radiation law. The target has different radiation intensity in 3 ~ 5 渭 m and 8 ~ 12 渭 m bands, according to the principle of dual-band temperature measurement. The corresponding relationship between temperature and ratio can be established, and then the target temperature .2 can be obtained from the different radiation intensity of the two bands received by the detector. A method for calculating the projected area of the target is proposed and the method for calculating the infrared radiation intensity of the long-range target is discussed. The real radiation intensity of the target can be calculated according to Planck's radiation law, but the premise is that the projection area of the target in the direction of line of sight is known, so it is necessary to establish a model for calculating the projected area of the target. According to the purpose of radiation detection, we assume that the target is a cone, and give the method of calculating the projected area of the target under different observation directions. The attenuation of infrared radiation is affected by scattering and meteorological conditions. The absorption attenuation of water vapor and CO2 gas to infrared radiation is mainly analyzed. The correction of their absorption transmittance at different altitude and sloping distance is considered. Then a model for calculating atmospheric attenuation in any direction is proposed considering the curvature of the earth. The results of atmospheric absorption, scattering and attenuation of meteorological conditions in the two bands of 3 ~ 5 渭 m and 8 ~ 12 渭 m are calculated, respectively. Based on the specific data and charts, the infrared radiation detection of remote targets is discussed. Firstly, according to the data obtained from the analysis, the requirements for meteorological conditions of long-range infrared radiation detection are obtained. That is to say, it must be carried out under the condition of good meteorological conditions. Then, the requirements of long-range radiation detection for altitude are analyzed, and the attenuation law of infrared radiation at different altitudes is given. Then, the attenuation law of long-range target radiation detection under different transmission distances is discussed. Finally, the specific relationship between the temperature of the target and the ratio of two bands at specific altitude and different detection range is given, and a brief analysis is given. In the case of about 10 km high altitude, the distance of target infrared radiation measurement can be increased from dozens km to several hundred km, which provides theoretical and technical support for further analysis of target radiation characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN215

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