开关式电源充电管理芯片的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-01-22 01:30

本文关键词： 充电管理开关电源三段式充电曲线铅酸电池　出处：《合肥工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经过了一个半世纪的发展,铅酸电池以其使用寿命长、制造原材料丰富、生产成本低廉、电压平稳特性好等优良特性得到了广泛应用。在我国,与电动车配套的铅酸电池产量连续数年居世界第一。但据统计,由于充电管系统对铅酸电池充电不当,大量的铅酸电池的使用寿命不到其设计寿命的一半。且现在普遍使用的廉价充电系统绝大部分采用线性变压器,因此充电质量和效果非常不理想,每年因蓄电池充电所浪费的电能就达到了5000万kVAh。因此,既能提高能量利用率、缩短充电时间,又不影响铅酸电池使用寿命的高效、无损的开关式电源充电管理芯片成为备受关注的研究方向。本文首先对常见铅酸电池的工作原理进行介绍,包括其充放电过程中发生的化学反应机理和电气特性,并分析几种常见的充电方法的优缺点。在这些既有方法的理论基础上,结合马斯提出的可接受充电电流曲线理论,考虑产品的复杂性和成本,决定采用三段式充电法对铅酸电池进行充电管理,并且芯片能自动检测电池荷电状态,选取合适的充电模式。采用峰值电流型控制模式作为开关电源PWM(脉冲宽度调制)控制器控制方式。本文设计的开关式充电管理芯片集成有PWM控制和三段式充电管理单元,具有可靠性高,制造成本低等优点；仅需调整个别外接电阻值即可应用在不同类型的充电器上。最后,基于2um 36V Bipolar工艺、采用Cadence SpectreS对芯片电路进行仿真,结果表明,芯片在10-30V工作电压范围内对外接功率开关管最大驱动电流为1A；工作频率最大可达到500KHz；输出脉冲最大占空比为97%。对于设计电压为48V的铅酸电池,恒流最大充电电流2A,恒压充电电压为57V,浮充电压为52V,浮充电流为0.45A。
[Abstract]:After the development of the 1.5 century, the lead-acid battery with its long service life, producing abundant raw materials, low production cost, excellent characteristics of steady voltage characteristics has been widely used. In our country, and lead-acid battery production of electric vehicles matching the number of consecutive years ranked first in the world. But according to statistics, due to the charging system for lead-acid tube the battery is improper, the service life of the lead-acid battery a lot less than half of its design life. And now the widespread use of cheap charging system mostly adopts the linear transformer, so the charging quality and the effect is not ideal, the power reached 50 million kVAh. each year as a result of waste batteries, which can improve the utilization rate of energy and shorten the charging time, and does not affect the service life of the lead-acid battery, switching power supply, lossless charging management chip has become a research direction of concern. Firstly The working principle of common lead-acid battery are introduced, including chemical reaction mechanism and electrical characteristics of the discharge process, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several common methods of charging. On the theoretical basis of these existing methods, combined with MAS proposed acceptable charging current curve theory, considering the cost and complexity of products. Decided to use three stepcharging method for charging the lead-acid battery, and the chip can automatically detect the battery state of charge, select the appropriate charge modes. The peak current control mode as the switching power supply PWM (pulse width modulation) control mode. The design of the switch type charging management chip integrated with PWM control and three a charging management unit, with high reliability, low manufacturing cost advantages; only need to adjust the individual value of external resistance can be used in different types of chargers. Finally, 2um 36V based on Bipolar technology, using Cadence SpectreS simulation, the results show that the circuit chip, 10-30V chip in the voltage range of the external power switch tube maximum drive current is 1A; the maximum operating frequency can reach 500KHz; the output pulse duty ratio of 97%. for the design of voltage of lead-acid battery 48V, constant current charge the current 2A, the constant voltage charging voltage is 57V, the floating voltage is 52V, the charge current is 0.45A.

【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN86;TN402

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