微波强化焙烧含锗中浸渣回收锗的工艺研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 03:33

  本文关键词： 含锗中浸渣 微波焙烧 介电常数 锗　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：锌冶炼过程副产物含锗中性浸出渣(中浸渣)是目前锗冶金主要原料之一,针对常规氧化焙烧过程加热时间长、温度高、操作环境差以及长时间焙烧已氧化的可溶锗向不溶锗转变的问题,本论文以锌冶炼过程含锗中浸渣为原料,提出微波强化焙烧含锗中浸渣新工艺,主要对微波焙烧温度、微波焙烧时间、微波焙烧料层厚度,以及微波焙砂功率对锗浸出率的影响进行研究,并对比企业焙砂得出微波强化焙烧含锗中浸渣原理。本课题开展了含锗中浸渣介电常数、升温特性研究,确定了含锗中浸渣在微波场中介电常数变化规律及升温特性,为微波焙烧含锗中浸渣提供指导,同时为丰富微波介电常数数据库提供了一组切实可靠的数据;通过对含锗中浸渣微波焙烧后所得的焙砂进行粒度分析、扫描电镜分析,表明通过微波焙烧后,焙砂颗粒减小,比表面积增大,微波能一定程度上减小矿物颗粒粒度,同时,微波焙烧后在焙砂表面可看到裂纹,在后续浸出过程中显著改善了浸出动力学条件,使锗的浸出率增大,降低了浸出难度。微波焙烧含锗中浸渣最优焙烧温度为450℃,最优焙烧时间为2.5h,最优料层厚度为1.32cm,最佳功率为1200W,在该条件下,所得锗的浸出率达90.16%。通过对比微波焙烧含锗中浸渣及常规马弗炉焙烧,各焙砂中锗较原料中浸渣富集了一倍左右,通过微波焙烧较常规马弗炉、企业焙砂锗的回收率高约20%;达到相同浸出率条件下,微波焙烧时间由企业常规焙烧24h及常规马弗炉7h焙烧缩短为2.5h,节约时间分别为89.58%、64.28%,同时显著改善氧化过程操作条件及氧化焙烧过程和浸出过程的动力学条件。
[Abstract]:Neutral leaching slag containing germanium in zinc smelting process is one of the main raw materials of germanium metallurgy at present. The heating time is long and the temperature is high in the conventional oxidation roasting process. The operation environment is poor and the problem of long time calcination of oxidized soluble germanium to insoluble germanium transformation. In this paper, a new technology of microwave enhanced roasting of germanium in leaching slag is put forward, which is based on the leaching slag containing germanium in zinc smelting process as raw material. The effects of microwave calcination temperature, microwave roasting time, thickness of microwave roaster layer and microwave baking power on the leaching rate of germanium were studied. The principle of microwave enhanced roasting of germanium in leaching slag was obtained by comparing with enterprise calcine. The dielectric constant and heating characteristics of germanium in leaching slag were studied in this paper. The variation law of intermediate electric constant and heating characteristics of germanium containing leaching slag in microwave field were determined, which provided guidance for microwave roasting of germanium in leaching slag, and provided a set of reliable data for enriching microwave dielectric constant database. The results of particle size analysis and SEM analysis showed that the calcine particles decreased and the specific surface area increased after microwave roasting. At the same time, cracks can be seen on the surface of baking sand after microwave roasting, and the leaching kinetics conditions are improved obviously during the subsequent leaching process, and the leaching rate of germanium increases. The leaching difficulty was reduced. The optimum roasting temperature was 450 鈩，

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