硅基CMOS毫米波开关混频器的研究与设计
发布时间:2018-04-03 13:28
本文选题:开关混频器 切入点:变压器巴伦 出处:《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文
【摘要】:随着无线通信技术的发展和普及,无线通信的应用已经遍布各个领域。但人们对传输速率的需求不断提升,传统的无线通信频段(5GHz以下)已经相当拥挤,而且较窄的相对带宽,决定了低频射频很难用来开发超高速无线通信。这催促人们向更广的电磁波频段进行探索。毫米波通信利用毫米波频段蕴涵的丰富频谱资源来实现超高速无线通信,成为时下研究热点之一。另外,毫米波在雷达、成像、医疗、天文、安检等领域都有着广泛的应用前景。同时,硅基CMOS工艺技术的日趋成熟,为能大幅降低成本取代III-V族工艺的毫米波器件提供了可能。因此,设计出高性能的硅基CMOS毫米波电路有着十分重大的探索意义和实际意义。作为毫米波收发系统,实现基本的通讯功能需要将基带信号调制到射频载波信号发射出去或接收到并解调。而混频器正是毫米波收发机用来调制解调的重要模块,它处在接收机靠前的位置决定其噪声对系统有较大影响,其转换增益能抑制后级噪声并提供增益,其线性度可能限制整机的动态范围。本文对硅基CMOS毫米波混频器设计方法进行了系统的研究并给出一种基于45GHz的高性能CMOS开关混频器的设计方案。首先,本文对CMOS毫米波混频器基本原理、性能指标、混频器分类以及片上无源器件进行了详尽分析,进而对目前主流的硅基CMOS开关混频器结构进行了介绍和分析。在必要的推导后,本文总结了提高开关混频器性能的方法以及各性能参数之间的制约关系,为有源平衡式开关混频器的设计提供了有效的指导。然后,文章对毫米波片上变压器巴伦建模和设计方法进行了总结。分析了利用变压器巴伦进行阻抗变换并做输入匹配时需要注意的规则。对匹配过程中金丝的影响进行了去嵌入研究,并提出了由于电路客观原因制约而无法完美匹配时的最佳折衷方法。为在混频器中遇到的常见匹配问题提供了一种有效的解决途径。最后,基于台积电的90nm硅基CMOS工艺,运用电流注入、电感内匹配、以及跨导放大器等技术,设计了一款工作于45GHz的双平衡开关混频器。在1.2V驱动电压下实现了转换增益10.5~13.5dB,噪声系数8.6~9.2dB,输入1dB压缩点-12.5dBm,功耗9.5m W。该设计为45GHz接收机系统提供频率变换并表现出优秀的性能指标。
[Abstract]:With the development and popularization of wireless communication technology, the application of wireless communication has spread all over the field.This prompts people to explore a wider spectrum of electromagnetic waves.Millimeter wave (MMW) communication has become one of the hotspots in the research field, which uses the rich spectrum resources of millimeter wave band to realize ultra-high speed wireless communication.In addition, millimeter wave has a wide range of applications in radar, imaging, medical, astronomy, security and other fields.At the same time, the maturity of silicon based CMOS technology makes it possible for millimeter wave devices which can greatly reduce the cost to replace the III-V family process.Therefore, the design of high performance silicon-based CMOS millimeter wave circuit is of great significance and practical significance.As a millimeter-wave transceiver system, the basic communication function needs to modulate the baseband signal to radio-frequency carrier signal to transmit or receive and demodulate.The mixer is an important module used by millimeter-wave transceiver to modulate and demodulate. Its position at the front of the receiver determines that its noise has a great influence on the system, and its conversion gain can suppress the post-stage noise and provide the gain.Its linearity may limit the dynamic range of the whole machine.In this paper, the design method of silicon-based CMOS millimeter wave mixer is systematically studied and a design scheme of high performance CMOS switching mixer based on 45GHz is presented.Firstly, the basic principle of CMOS millimeter wave mixer, performance index, mixer classification and passive devices on chip are analyzed in detail, and then the structure of the current mainstream silicon-based CMOS switch mixer is introduced and analyzed.After the necessary derivation, this paper summarizes the methods to improve the performance of the switched mixer and the constraints between the performance parameters, which provides an effective guide for the design of the active balance switch mixer.Then, the paper summarizes the modeling and design method of transformer on millimeter wave wafer.The rules that should be paid attention to when using transformer Barron to perform impedance transformation and input matching are analyzed.In this paper, the influence of gold wire in matching process is studied, and the best compromise method is put forward when the circuit can not match perfectly because of the objective reason of the circuit.It provides an effective way to solve the common matching problems encountered in mixers.Finally, based on the 90nm silicon based CMOS technology of TSMC, a double balance switch mixer working in 45GHz is designed by using the techniques of current injection, inductor internal matching and transconductance amplifier.At 1.2V driving voltage, the conversion gain of 10.5dB and noise coefficient of 8.6dBand 9.2dBwere realized. The input 1dB compression point was -12.5dBm. the power consumption was 9.5m W.This design provides frequency conversion for 45GHz receiver system and shows excellent performance index.
【学位授予单位】:电子科技大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:TN773
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本文编号:1705388
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