脉冲式激光测距机的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-17 10:12

本文选题：激光测距 + 小型化　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：激光测距技术一直比较热门,起初激光测距应用于军事,随着激光测距技术越来越成熟,逐渐应用到航空航天、卫星遥感测距、建筑测量和汽车雷达等领域。尤其是近几年集成电路设计水平的提升,以及生产工艺水平提高,给电子信息行业带来了新的机遇和挑战,传统的激光测距产品面临着升级。传统的激光测距系统采用模拟电路,由于模拟信号在恶劣天气中抗干扰能力差,空气受热、雾霾、雨雪等都会消弱信号并使模拟信号失真,在受到高频信号干扰时影响容易发生突变,尤其是在能见度很低的天气,在经过空气中各种非确定性因素影响后,直接导致检测不到信号,进而检测不到被测目标。近几年集成电路和数字信号处理理论的发展,带动了激光测距系统朝着数字电路发展,先后出现了数字电路激光测距系统,并且体积也相对小了很多,但是激光测距系统的功耗与体积、精度往往不能兼顾,而且国外近几年研制的小型激光测距机价格昂贵,普通用户难以承受,因此需要研制与之抗衡小型测距机。本文研究的目的是对脉冲式激光测距硬件电路进行设计,并在硬件电路上编程实现测距算法,具体工作如下:首先,对相位测距的原理进行深入研究,对影响其量程和精度做出理论推导计算,以便对脉冲式测距进行参考借鉴,紧随其后,介绍了脉冲式测距的原理和常用的方法,对如何改进量程和精度给出理论依据,给出计算方法。其次,在对原理和影响因素深入分析之后,对脉冲式激光测距的信号多脉冲处理算法推导并在Matlab中进行仿真验证,并对多脉冲测距的方法加以改进优化,采取多帧多脉冲数据提高测距量程和测距精度。最后,对激光测距信号处理电路进行原理图设计和PCB设计,选取低电压供电、低功耗、小封装芯片,保证激光测距系统小型化、低功耗,为进一步减小功耗设计低功耗电源电路,选取高速A/D转换芯片、高性能DSP处理器提高采样精度和运算速度,并将多帧多脉冲算法在激光测距硬件平台上编程实现,增加测距量程,提高测距精度。
[Abstract]:Laser ranging technology has always been popular. At first, laser ranging technology was used in military. As the laser ranging technology became more and more mature, it was gradually applied to aerospace, satellite remote sensing ranging, architectural measurement and automotive radar and other fields.Especially in recent years, the improvement of integrated circuit design level and the improvement of production technology have brought new opportunities and challenges to the electronic information industry, and the traditional laser ranging products are facing upgrading.The traditional laser ranging system uses analog circuit, because the analog signal has poor anti-interference ability in bad weather, the air is heated, haze, rain and snow will weaken the signal and make the analog signal distortion.When affected by high frequency signal, it is easy to change, especially in the weather with low visibility. After the influence of various uncertain factors in the air, the signal can not be detected, and then the target can not be detected.In recent years, with the development of integrated circuit and digital signal processing theory, laser ranging system has been developed to digital circuit.However, the power consumption and volume of laser rangefinder often can not be taken into account, and the small laser rangefinder developed by foreign countries in recent years is expensive and difficult for ordinary users to bear, so it is necessary to develop a small rangefinder to compete with it.The purpose of this paper is to design the pulse laser ranging hardware circuit, and to program the ranging algorithm on the hardware circuit. The specific work is as follows: firstly, the principle of phase ranging is deeply studied.The theoretical derivation and calculation of the influence on the measurement range and accuracy are made in order to make reference for the pulse ranging. Then, the principle and common methods of pulse ranging are introduced, and the theoretical basis for how to improve the range and precision is given.The calculation method is given.Secondly, after deeply analyzing the principle and influencing factors, the multi-pulse processing algorithm of pulse laser ranging is deduced and simulated in Matlab, and the method of multi-pulse ranging is improved and optimized.Multi-frame and multi-pulse data are used to improve ranging range and ranging accuracy.Finally, the schematic design and PCB design of the laser ranging signal processing circuit are carried out. The low voltage power supply, low power consumption and small package chip are selected to ensure the miniaturization and low power consumption of the laser ranging system.In order to further reduce the power consumption, a high speed A / D conversion chip is selected to improve the sampling accuracy and operation speed of the high performance DSP processor, and the multi-frame and multi-pulse algorithm is programmed on the laser ranging hardware platform.Increase ranging range, improve ranging accuracy.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH744.5

【相似文献】