基于FPGA的船舶航行记录仪语音压缩系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-05-03 22:32

  本文选题：船载航行数据记录仪 + FPGA　； 参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界经济的不断发展,世界各地之间的贸易往来也随之越来越多,航运事业快速蓬勃发展,航运事故时有发生。在航运事故中,为了能够更好的对事故进行定性以及分析事故原因,对船舶在航行时的数据信息加以记录变得愈发重要。船载航行数据记录仪能够记录船舶在航行时的各种重要信息,包括日期和时间、船位船速、驾驶室声音、通信声音、雷达数据、回声测深仪、主报警等。由于船载航行数据记录仪时常受内存大小的限制,如何对各种数据信息进行安全、有效的存储,具有重要的研究价值和实用价值。本文针对船舶航行中的语音信号进行压缩存储处理,主要工作分为:本文使用DIGILENT公司生产的NEXYS4作为主开发板,板上集成了 Xilinx公司的Artix-7TM系列的XC7A100T-1CSG324C芯片,并选用MAX9812作为语音信号采集放大模块,MAX9860作为模数转换模块,CH372作为USB传输模块,实现了双路语音信号的采集、模数转换、压缩编码,传输存储以及回放的功能。本文对目前常见的一些船载航行数据记录仪进行研究,主要分析了它们的系统架构,以及所使用的语音压缩编码算法,以及其优势和劣势所在。根据国际电工技术委员会(International Eletro-technical Commission,IEC)61996 文件《船载航行数据记录仪性能要求、校验方式及合格的检验结果》的要求,最终确定了本文的总体设计。本文利用FPGA芯片并行的对语音信号进行压缩编码,多路数据分别缓存,通过USB 口进行传输存储。语音信号的采集通过MAX9812来完成,模数转换通过MAX9860来完成,将模拟信号通过44.1khz的采样频率转变为16位的PCM信号,通过I2S总线传输。信号的压缩编码采取MPEG 1 layer Ⅱ编码算法,生成比特率为128kbs的MP2标准码流进行传输。数据的传输由CH372模块实现,该模块集成了 USB通信协议,通过FPGA模拟其时序,使用其内置固件模式进行数据传输。多路数据分别打包缓存,在上位机进行区分存储。实验结果表明,本文实现了系统各项功能,并能够实时、稳定的工作。
[Abstract]:With the development of the world economy, the trade between different parts of the world is more and more, the shipping industry develops rapidly, shipping accidents occur frequently. In shipping accidents, it is more and more important to record the ship's data while sailing in order to be able to better analyze the accident and analyze the cause of the accident. The ship navigation data recorder can record all kinds of important information, including date and time, ship position speed, cab sound, communication sound, radar data, echo sounding instrument, main alarm and so on. Because the ship navigation data recorder is often limited by the size of memory, how to store all kinds of data safely and effectively has important research value and practical value. The main work of this paper is to compress and store the voice signal during ship navigation. The main work is as follows: the NEXYS4 produced by DIGILENT company is used as the main development board, and the XC7A100T-1CSG324C chip of Artix-7TM series of Xilinx company is integrated on the board. MAX9812 is chosen as the speech signal acquisition and amplification module (MAX9860) as the analog-to-digital conversion module and CH372 as the USB transmission module. The functions of acquisition, analog-to-digital conversion, compression coding, transmission storage and playback of the dual speech signal are realized. In this paper, some common shipborne navigation data recorders are studied, and their system architecture, speech compression coding algorithms and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. According to the requirements of the International Eletro-technical Commission / IEC61996 document "performance requirements, checking methods and qualified inspection results" of the shipborne navigational data recorder, the overall design of this paper is finally determined. In this paper, FPGA chip is used to compress and encode the speech signal in parallel, and the multi-channel data is cached separately, and transmitted and stored through the USB port. The acquisition of speech signal is accomplished by MAX9812, the analog-to-digital conversion is accomplished by MAX9860, and the analog signal is transferred from the sampling frequency of 44.1khz to the 16-bit PCM signal, which is transmitted by I2S bus. MPEG 1 layer 鈪，

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