小型微波探测系统的研制

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:41

本文选题：多普勒效应 + 微波探测　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：设计一个基于多普勒效应的小型微波探测系统,可实现对移动目标的实时探测。该系统主要包括微波传感器、信号放大滤波电路和单片机采样处理电路。微波传感器发射10.52G赫兹的高频微波信号,遇到目标障碍物反射回来,将发射信号和回波信号进行混频,输出一个频率较低的中频信号,即系统预警信号。通过放大电路将毫伏级中频信号放大,利用PIC12F675单片机对放大后的信号进行采样判断,实现对警示灯的开关控制。分析了系统的探测原理和结构组成,简单介绍了该课题的国内外的研究概况,分别从理论、仿真和设计等多角度论述系统的制作过程。探测传感器设计部分,采用介质柱(DR)和高频FET管组成的介质振荡器为系统提供频率源,采用电容直接耦合,第一路信号由发射天线发射出去,第二路信号送往混频器,混频器采用U型传输线和二极管组成的反相单平衡混频器,收发天线分别采用矩形贴片天线单元；信号放大处理部分,选用集成运放芯片LM358设计两级放大电路,同时实现带通滤波,对传感器输出的中频信号进行放大,滤除高频干扰；信号采样部分,以PIC12F675单片机为处理器,将采样到的信号电压与设定的门限电压3V进行比较,超过门限电压表示移动物体存在,点亮警示灯。整个系统制作调试完成,分别选用不同物体作移动目标,对整个探测系统的径向最远距离和空间探测范围进行测试,系统在一定区域内能实现对移动目标的实时探测,工作稳定可靠。
[Abstract]:A small microwave detection system based on Doppler effect is designed, which can detect moving targets in real time. The system mainly includes microwave sensor, signal amplifying and filtering circuit and single chip microcomputer sampling and processing circuit. The microwave sensor emits 10.52 G Hz high frequency microwave signal. When the target obstacle is reflected back, the transmitting signal and echo signal are mixed, and a low-frequency intermediate frequency signal is output, that is, the early warning signal of the system. The millivolt intermediate frequency signal is amplified by amplifying circuit, and the amplified signal is sampled and judged by PIC12F675 single chip microcomputer, and the switch control of warning lamp is realized. This paper analyzes the detection principle and structure of the system, introduces the research situation of the system at home and abroad, and discusses the manufacture process of the system from the aspects of theory, simulation and design. In the design part of the detection sensor, the dielectric oscillator composed of a dielectric cylinder (DRD) and a high frequency FET tube is used to provide the frequency source for the system. The first signal is transmitted by the transmitting antenna and the second signal is sent to the mixer. The mixer is composed of U-type transmission line and diode, and the transceiver antenna uses rectangular patch antenna unit respectively, and the signal amplification processing part is designed by LM358, the integrated operational amplifier chip is used to design the two-stage amplifier circuit. At the same time, the band-pass filter is realized to amplify the intermediate frequency signal from the sensor and filter out the high frequency interference. In the signal sampling part, the signal voltage is compared with the threshold voltage 3V by using PIC12F675 single chip microcomputer as the processor. Beyond the threshold voltage indicates the presence of a moving object and lights the warning light. The whole system is made and debugged, different objects are selected as moving targets, and the radial longest distance and space detection range of the whole detection system are tested. The system can realize the real-time detection of moving targets in a certain area. The work is stable and reliable.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN015

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