基于FPGA的激光测距系统的研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 17:22

本文选题：激光测距 + 三脉冲互相关累加均值　；参考：《长春理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,激光测距系统一般采用模拟电路的方法对回波信号进行处理,由于模拟电路对信号处理的局限性,使得有用信号在强干扰的情况下极易被淹没在噪声信号当中;少数激光测距系统虽然采用数字电路的方法,但是系统对回波信号采样的样点个数完全不能满足高精度的测距要求;同时受到硬件电路的限制,测距方法一般选用简单的相位法和脉冲法,不能使得测量精度和测量距离同时达到比较理想的效果。以上原因使得激光测距系统的测程和精度都受到严重制约。本文通过对高速数据采集系统以及多脉冲激光测距系统的研究对系统的硬件电路和算法进行改进,使得系统的测量距离和测量精度都得到有效提升。本文首先,对比分析了常用的激光测距方法,提出了三脉冲互相关累加均值的测距方法,并将小波变换的奇异值检测算法运用在数据处理过程中,为测距系统的测量距离和测量精度的提高提供了理论支撑;其次,完成了发射单元、接收单元的硬件设计以及对关键电路部分的性能分析,实现了对回波信号1GHz的采样速率,为测距系统精度的提高提供了可靠的硬件平台;再次,通过FPGA实现了对整个系统过程的控制以及回波信号的处理,使系统按照预设逻辑工作;最后,通过实验平台的构建和数据分析,验证了本文所提出方法和设计的有效性。本文所设计的系统提高了激光测距系统的测量距离和测量精度,在民用和军用领域有着重要的研究意义。
[Abstract]:At present, the laser ranging system generally uses the analog circuit to process the echo signal, because of the limitation of analog circuit to the signal processing, the useful signal is easily submerged in the noise signal under the condition of strong interference. Although a few laser ranging systems adopt the method of digital circuit, the number of samples sampled by the system can not meet the requirements of high precision ranging, and it is limited by the hardware circuit at the same time. In general, simple phase method and pulse method are used in ranging method, which can not make the measurement precision and distance achieve ideal results simultaneously. These reasons make the range and precision of laser ranging system seriously restricted. In this paper, the hardware circuit and algorithm of the system are improved through the research of the high-speed data acquisition system and the multi-pulse laser ranging system, so that the measuring distance and precision of the system are improved effectively. In this paper, firstly, the common laser ranging methods are compared and analyzed, and a new ranging method with three pulse cross-correlation accumulative mean is proposed, and the singular value detection algorithm based on wavelet transform is applied to the data processing. It provides theoretical support for the improvement of measurement distance and precision of ranging system. Secondly, the hardware design of transmitting unit, receiving unit and performance analysis of key circuits are completed, and the sampling rate of echo signal at 1GHz is realized. It provides a reliable hardware platform for improving the precision of ranging system. Thirdly, it realizes the control of the whole system process and the processing of echo signal through FPGA, which makes the system work according to the preset logic. The validity of the proposed method and design is verified by constructing the experimental platform and analyzing the data. The system designed in this paper improves the measuring range and precision of the laser ranging system and has important research significance in civil and military fields.
【学位授予单位】：长春理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN249

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