GM-APD阵列高精度像素读出电路设计

发布时间：2018-06-19 06:19

本文选题：读出电路 + 盖革模式雪崩光电二极管　；参考：《红外与激光工程》2017年01期

【摘要】：提出并设计了一种适用于激光3D成像的盖革模式雪崩光电二极管(Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode,GM-APD)阵列像素读出电路。基于飞行时间(time-of-flight,TOF)原理,像素读出电路主要由两部分组成:有源淬火电路(active quenching circuit,AQC)和时间数字转换器(time-to-digital converter,TDC)。所采用的TDC是粗细结合的两段式计数方式,成功实现了时钟频率和时间分辨率间的折中。基于内插技术,由粗计数的线性反馈移位寄存器和细计数的延时线型TDC共同实现了高达18-bit的动态范围。同时两者的时钟频率分别降低至250 MHz和500 MHz,分别是常规设计频率的1/20和1/10,大大降低了设计和应用难度。电路采用SMIC 0.18μm工艺设计,后仿结果显示达到了200 ps的高精度时间分辨率,对应的距离分辨率为3 cm,完全能够满足3 km激光3D成像中的测距要求。像素电路版图面积小于50×95μm2,总功耗为0.89 m W,具有小面积和低功耗的优势。
[Abstract]:A Gaeger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APD) array pixel readout circuit for 3D laser imaging is proposed and designed. Based on time-of-flight (TOF) principle, pixel readout circuit consists of two parts: active quenching circuit AQC and time-to-digital convertor. The TDC is a two-stage counting method, which realizes the compromise between clock frequency and time resolution. Based on interpolation technique, the linear feedback shift register with coarse count and time-delay linear TDC with fine count are used to realize the dynamic range up to 18-bit. At the same time, the clock frequency is reduced to 250 MHz and 500 MHz, respectively, which is 1 / 20 and 1 / 10 of the conventional design frequency, which greatly reduces the difficulty of design and application. The circuit is designed by SMIC 0.18 渭 m process. The post-simulation results show that the precision time resolution of 200 PS is achieved, and the corresponding range resolution is 3 cm, which can fully meet the requirement of ranging in 3km laser 3D imaging. The layout area of the pixel circuit is less than 50 脳 95 渭 m ~ 2 and the total power consumption is 0.89 MW, which has the advantages of small area and low power consumption.
【作者单位】：天津市成像与感知微电子技术重点实验室(天津大学);桂林理工大学广西空间信息与测绘重点实验室;
【基金】：国家海洋局项目(cxsf-39)
【分类号】：TN702;TN312.7

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