氧化物光学晶体波导中的光折变效应和光子晶体研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 17:03

本文选题：铌酸锂 + 磷酸钛氧钾　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：集成光学最早由贝尔实验室的Miller提出,主要研究媒质材料中的光学现象以及将光学元件集成化,主要解决通讯技术中的光传输和光学信号处理等问题。随着信息的日益增长,普通的电信号已经不能满足人们对信息传递的需求,而以光信号为传播载体的波导结构及光纤等得到广泛应用。集成光学可以将光学器件与光波导结构集成在同一块衬底上实现一种或多种光学功能。与集成电路相比,以光为信号载体的集成光路具有天生的优点,因为光子不会像电子一样相互干扰。与非集成光学器件相比,集成光学器件可以做的体积更小、重量更轻、成本也更低。集成光学将所有元器件集成在同一衬底上,所以避免了调节各器件之间的耦合,同时也具有更强的稳定性,这是集成光学重要的优点。波导结构是集成光学重要的组成部分,大多数光学元器件以波导结构为基础。波导从结构上来说是折射率高的部分被折射率低的部分包裹起来的微米或亚微米量级光学结构。由于波导结构尺寸很小,即使在很低的入射光强下,波导中的光功率密度也会很高,所以体材料中的某些效应,比如材料的非线性和光折变等效应,在波导结构中可能会增强。制备波导结构的媒质材料主要有玻璃、单晶材料、多晶材料、高分子聚合物等,因为他们本身具有优秀的光学特性,比如光学非线性、光折变性能、荧光性能、倍频性能等,在光学器件中应用广泛。在光学材料中如何制备波导结构,并研究其光学性质一直是集成光学研究的热门课题。所有晶体材料中,铌酸锂(LiNbO3)是集成光学中应用较广泛的一种。铌酸锂具有出色的电光和非线性性能,居里温度高和不易潮解等稳定的物理化学性能,广泛应用在各种光学器件中。铌酸锂波导广泛应用于光纤通讯、光学器件和集成光电子学中,近年来,对其研究一直是一个很热门的课题。磷酸钛氧钾(KTiOPO4,简称KTP)晶体也是一种优良的非线性光学晶体,尤其适用于制备倍频器件,可通过多种方法制备波导结构。制备波导结构的方法有载能离子束、超快激光直写、选择性光诱导、离子交换、金属离子扩散和离子束切片等,我们主要利用载能离子束的离子注入法制备光波导。离子注入过程中,注入离子会引起核能量损失与电子能量损失,这会引起注入区折射率的改变,从而形成波导结构。波导区的折射率会增高,形成波导的势阱,离子射程末端的折射率会降低,形成波导的势垒。光子晶体作为一种新兴人工合成光学材料,因为可以产生光子禁带,应用前景广阔,引起了国内外研究人员的广泛关注。本文主要研究了铌酸锂与磷酸钛氧钾中平面及条形波导的制备方法,并研究了所制波导的各项性能；以及探索在磷酸钛氧钾波导结构中制备光子晶体结构。研究了氢离子注入掺铁近化学计量比铌酸锂平面波导中的光折变效应。使用二波混频法,在633 nm光下测得了增益系数为15 cm-1,在输入功率仅为几微瓦数量级的条件下,测得响应时间为几秒数量级。研究了轻离子(三重能量He离子)与重离子(氧离子)分别注入磷酸钛氧钾制备平面波导及条形波导的方法。重建了折射率分布,发现无论是TE模式,还是TM模式都形成了“势阱+势垒”型波导结构。研究了制备折射率差较大的KTP-on-SiO2平面波导的方法,并且在KTP条形波导上用聚焦离子束刻蚀法制备了光子晶体结构。
[Abstract]:Integrated optics was first proposed by Miller in Baer laboratory. It mainly studied optical phenomena in medium materials and integrated optical components. It mainly solved the problems of optical transmission and optical signal processing in communication technology. With the increasing of information, ordinary electrical signals have not satisfied people's demand for information transmission. An integrated optics can integrate optical devices and optical waveguide structures on the same substrate to achieve one or more optical functions. Compared with integrated circuits, the integrated optical path with light as a signal carrier has a natural advantage, because photons do not interact with each other like electrons. Interference. Compared with non integrated optical devices, integrated optical devices can do smaller size, lighter weight, and lower cost. Integrated optics integrates all components on the same substrate, so it avoids the coupling between various devices and also has a stronger stability. This is an important advantage of integrated optics. The waveguide structure is a set. An important component of light formation, most optical components are based on the waveguide structure. In structure, the waveguide is a micrometer or submicron optical structure wrapped up in part of a high refractive index with a low refractive index. The optical power density in the waveguide is very small, even at a very low incident light intensity. It will be very high, so some effects in the material, such as the nonlinear and photorefractive effect of material, may be enhanced in the waveguide structure. The medium materials for the preparation of the waveguide structure are mainly glass, single crystal, polycrystalline, polymer, etc. because they have excellent optical properties, such as optical nonlinearity and photorefractive. Performance, fluorescence performance and frequency doubling performance are widely used in optical devices. In optical materials, how to prepare waveguide structures and study their optical properties has been a hot topic in integrated optics. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a widely used type of integrated optics in all crystal materials. Lithium niobate has excellent electro-optic and non linear properties. Stable physical and chemical properties, such as high temperature and uneasy deliquescence, are widely used in all kinds of optical devices. Lithium niobate waveguides are widely used in optical fiber communication, optical devices and integrated optoelectronics. In recent years, the study of KTiOPO4 (KTiOPO4, KTP) is also a hot topic. Good nonlinear optical crystals are especially suitable for the preparation of frequency doubling devices. The waveguide structures can be prepared by a variety of methods. The methods of preparing the waveguide structure are the carrier ion beam, the ultra fast laser direct writing, the selective light induction, the ion exchange, the metal ion diffusion and the ion beam section. We mainly use the ion implantation of the energy ion beam to prepare the light. In the process of ion implantation, the injection ion causes the loss of nuclear energy and the loss of the electron energy, which will cause the change of the refractive index of the injection region, thus forming the waveguide structure. The refractive index of the waveguide region will increase, the potential well of the waveguide is formed, the refractive index at the end of the ion range will be reduced and the potential barrier of the waveguide is formed. Photonic crystal is a new kind of new type. Artificial synthetic optical material, because it can produce photonic band gap, has wide application prospect, which has aroused wide attention of researchers at home and abroad. This paper mainly studied the preparation methods of planar and bar waveguides in lithium niobate and potassium titanate phosphate, and studied the various properties of the waveguide and explored the structure of potassium titanium phosphate waveguide. The photonic crystal structure is prepared. The photorefractive effect of hydrogen ion implantation in the near stoichiometric lithium niobate waveguide is studied. The gain coefficient is 15 cm-1 under the two wave mixing method under 633 nm light, and the response time is measured for a few seconds under the condition of the input power of only a few watts. The light ion (three heavy energy) is studied. The method for the preparation of planar waveguide and strip waveguide with heavy ion (He) ions and heavy ions (oxygen ions) was injected into the planar waveguide and strip waveguide respectively. The refractive index distribution was reconstructed. It was found that both the TE mode and the TM mode formed the "potential well + barrier" type waveguide structure. The method of preparing the KTP-on-SiO2 plane waveguide with large refractive index difference was studied, and the KTP strip was used in the KTP strip. The photonic crystal structure was fabricated by focused ion beam etching on the waveguide.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN252

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