微纳结构材料的制备及其应用性能研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 19:24
【摘要】：在众多的金属氧化物半导体中，TiO2以其无毒，性质稳定，抗腐蚀和价格低廉等突出优点，成为目前研究最热和最具有发展潜力的光催化剂，在污水处理，空气净化，石油污染物的清理，抗菌，农药降解等方面均得到了广泛的应用。无机微纳结构功能材料由于综合了物质本征效应，纳米尺度效应和组合效应所产生的多功能性使其成为纳米材料研究领域的热点之一，并在催化、超疏水、水处理、能量转换，药物运输等方面具有广阔的应用价值。因此，开发简单、实用，可靠的化学法控制合成微纳结构材料、探索其新的应用功能将具有重要的理论和实际意义。本论文主要遵循以设计合成为基础，应用功能为导向的研究思想，突出材料低廉，方法简单的特点。在水热反应体系中，通过反应物料的选择和反应条件的调控，设计合成了一系列分级微纳结构材料，并探究了制备合成分级微纳结构材料的主要影响因素。同时，对这些分级微纳结构材料的光催化性能，超疏水性能等方面的实际应用进行了详细和全面的研究，具体内容包括： 1、微纳结构TiO2@@SiO2/PVA纳米纤维膜的制备及其光催化应用性能研究 首先制备了TiO2@@SiO2核壳中空纳米粒子，其中，TiO2内核和SiO2壳层之间拥有2-3nm的空间层，使得在载体上负载成为可能。然后通过静电纺丝技术制备出微纳结构TiO2@@SiO2/PVA纤维膜，其中，纺丝电压，推进速度，接收距离，纺丝溶液质量分数对PVA纤维的形貌具有重要影响，TiO2@@SiO2的质量分数是影响微纳结构TiO2@@SiO2/PVA纤维形貌的关键因素。通过热重分析可知，TiO2@@SiO2核壳中空纳米粒子的负载量为43%。由于微米尺度的PVA纤维的存在，使TiO2@@SiO2核壳中空纳米粒子得到了高度的分散，彻底杜绝了团聚作用的发生，暴露出了最多的活性位点，而且，由于PVA纳米纤维的高比表面积和孔隙率，能够有效地吸附有机污染物到其表面，然后通过TiO2@@SiO2核壳中空纳米粒子对其降解，极大的提高了降解速率。测试结果表明：微纳结构TiO2@@SiO2/PVA纤维膜的光催化活性是P25纳米粒子的2.5倍。 2、微纳结构TiO2/CNTs材料的制备及其光催化性能研究 借助微纳结构的结构特点，结合传统水热法的合成方法成功制备出了高分散的TiO2纳米粒子，本实验利用碳纳米管作为载体，葡萄糖作为粘结剂，制备出了TiO2纳米粒子均匀分布在碳纳米管表面的分级微纳结构TiO2/CNTs，经过煅烧处理后获得高分散的TiO2纳米粒子。研究表明反应体系中碳纳米管，葡萄糖溶液，反应时间是影响微纳结构TiO2/CNTs的关键因素，并对TiO2纳米粒子的比表面积，分散性等具有重要的影响。结果表明：高分散TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性是水热制备得到的TiO2纳米粒子光催化活性的3倍。 3、微纳结构TiO2/CNTs材料的超疏水性能研究 首先制备出了微纳结构TiO2/CNTs材料，然后通过沉积法获得TiO2/CNTs表面，最后经过氟化处理得到超疏水TiO2/CNTs表面。此方法的突出特点是，操作简单，材料廉价。其中，，分级微纳结构和低表面能表面是制备超疏水表面的关键因素，反应时间对TiO2/CNTs表面的超疏水性能具有重要的影响。结果表明：TiO2/CNTs表面具有稳定的超疏水性能和油水分离能力，在工业含油污水处理和石油泄漏清理方面具有广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Among many metal oxide semiconductors, TiO2 has been widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air purification, cleaning of petroleum pollutants, antibiosis, and pesticide degradation, due to its non-toxic, stable properties, corrosion resistance and low price and so on. It has been widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air purification, cleaning of petroleum pollutants, antibacterial and pesticide degradation. The multi-functional properties produced by the nanoscale effect and combination effect make it one of the hotspots in the research field of nanomaterials, and have wide application value in catalysis, superhydrophobicity, water treatment, energy conversion and drug transport. Therefore, a simple, practical and reliable chemical method is developed. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to control the synthetic micro nano structure material and explore its new application function. This paper mainly follows the research idea based on the design and synthesis and the application function oriented. It highlights the characteristics of low material and simple method. In the hydrothermal reaction system, the selection of reaction materials and the regulation of reaction conditions are carried out in the hydrothermal reaction system. A series of graded micro nano structure materials were designed and synthesized, and the main factors affecting the preparation of the graded micro nano structure materials were investigated. Meanwhile, the practical applications of the photocatalytic properties and superhydrophobic properties of these graded micro nano structures were studied in detail and in detail.
1, preparation of micro nano structured TiO2@@SiO2/PVA nanofiber membrane and its photocatalytic properties.
The TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles are prepared, in which the space layer between the TiO2 core and the SiO2 shell has the space layer of 2-3nm, which makes it possible to load on the carrier. Then the micro nano structure TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fiber membrane is prepared by electrostatic spinning technology, in which the spinning voltage, the speed, the receiving distance, the mass fraction of the spinning solution to PVA The morphology of fiber has an important influence. The mass fraction of TiO2@@SiO2 is the key factor affecting the morphology of TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fibers. By thermogravimetric analysis, the load of TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles is 43%. because of the existence of PVA fiber in the micron scale, which makes the TiO2@@ SiO2 nuclear shell hollow nanoparticles get a high degree of separation. Dispersion has completely eliminated the occurrence of reunion, exposes the most active sites, and, due to the high specific surface area and porosity of PVA nanofibers, can effectively adsorb organic pollutants to its surface, and then degrade it through TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles, which greatly improves the degradation rate. The photocatalytic activity of nanofiltration TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fiber membrane is 2.5 times higher than that of P25 nanoparticles.
2, preparation and photocatalytic properties of micro nano structured TiO2/CNTs materials
With the help of the structure characteristics of micro nano structure, highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by the traditional hydrothermal synthesis method. In this experiment, carbon nanotube was used as the carrier and glucose was used as a binder. The TiO2 nanoparticles distributed evenly on the surface of the carbon nanotube, TiO2/CNTs, which was calcined after calcining treatment. Highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles have been obtained. The results show that the carbon nanotube, glucose solution and reaction time are the key factors affecting the micro nano structure TiO2/CNTs in the reaction system, and have important influence on the specific surface area and dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of the highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles is prepared by hydrothermal preparation. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles is 3 times that of the photocatalyst.
3, superhydrophobic properties of micro nano structured TiO2/CNTs materials
The micro nano structure TiO2/CNTs material was prepared, and then the surface of TiO2/CNTs was obtained by deposition, and the superhydrophobic TiO2/CNTs surface was obtained by fluorination. The protruding characteristic of this method is that the operation is simple and the material is cheap. The superhydrophobicity of the surface of TiO2/CNTs has an important effect. The results show that the surface of TiO2/CNTs has a stable super hydrophobicity and oil water separation ability. It has a broad application prospect in the treatment of oily wastewater and the cleaning of oil leakage.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN304.21
本文编号：2120489
[Abstract]:Among many metal oxide semiconductors, TiO2 has been widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air purification, cleaning of petroleum pollutants, antibiosis, and pesticide degradation, due to its non-toxic, stable properties, corrosion resistance and low price and so on. It has been widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air purification, cleaning of petroleum pollutants, antibacterial and pesticide degradation. The multi-functional properties produced by the nanoscale effect and combination effect make it one of the hotspots in the research field of nanomaterials, and have wide application value in catalysis, superhydrophobicity, water treatment, energy conversion and drug transport. Therefore, a simple, practical and reliable chemical method is developed. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to control the synthetic micro nano structure material and explore its new application function. This paper mainly follows the research idea based on the design and synthesis and the application function oriented. It highlights the characteristics of low material and simple method. In the hydrothermal reaction system, the selection of reaction materials and the regulation of reaction conditions are carried out in the hydrothermal reaction system. A series of graded micro nano structure materials were designed and synthesized, and the main factors affecting the preparation of the graded micro nano structure materials were investigated. Meanwhile, the practical applications of the photocatalytic properties and superhydrophobic properties of these graded micro nano structures were studied in detail and in detail.
1, preparation of micro nano structured TiO2@@SiO2/PVA nanofiber membrane and its photocatalytic properties.
The TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles are prepared, in which the space layer between the TiO2 core and the SiO2 shell has the space layer of 2-3nm, which makes it possible to load on the carrier. Then the micro nano structure TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fiber membrane is prepared by electrostatic spinning technology, in which the spinning voltage, the speed, the receiving distance, the mass fraction of the spinning solution to PVA The morphology of fiber has an important influence. The mass fraction of TiO2@@SiO2 is the key factor affecting the morphology of TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fibers. By thermogravimetric analysis, the load of TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles is 43%. because of the existence of PVA fiber in the micron scale, which makes the TiO2@@ SiO2 nuclear shell hollow nanoparticles get a high degree of separation. Dispersion has completely eliminated the occurrence of reunion, exposes the most active sites, and, due to the high specific surface area and porosity of PVA nanofibers, can effectively adsorb organic pollutants to its surface, and then degrade it through TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles, which greatly improves the degradation rate. The photocatalytic activity of nanofiltration TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fiber membrane is 2.5 times higher than that of P25 nanoparticles.
2, preparation and photocatalytic properties of micro nano structured TiO2/CNTs materials
With the help of the structure characteristics of micro nano structure, highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by the traditional hydrothermal synthesis method. In this experiment, carbon nanotube was used as the carrier and glucose was used as a binder. The TiO2 nanoparticles distributed evenly on the surface of the carbon nanotube, TiO2/CNTs, which was calcined after calcining treatment. Highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles have been obtained. The results show that the carbon nanotube, glucose solution and reaction time are the key factors affecting the micro nano structure TiO2/CNTs in the reaction system, and have important influence on the specific surface area and dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of the highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles is prepared by hydrothermal preparation. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles is 3 times that of the photocatalyst.
3, superhydrophobic properties of micro nano structured TiO2/CNTs materials
The micro nano structure TiO2/CNTs material was prepared, and then the surface of TiO2/CNTs was obtained by deposition, and the superhydrophobic TiO2/CNTs surface was obtained by fluorination. The protruding characteristic of this method is that the operation is simple and the material is cheap. The superhydrophobicity of the surface of TiO2/CNTs has an important effect. The results show that the surface of TiO2/CNTs has a stable super hydrophobicity and oil water separation ability. It has a broad application prospect in the treatment of oily wastewater and the cleaning of oil leakage.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN304.21
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