三维激光扫描技术在古建筑测绘中的应用与问题分析

发布时间：2018-07-20 19:37

【摘要】：三维激光扫描技术是目前测绘领域一项新兴的测量技术，它的出现改变了传统的古建筑测绘方法，能完整的获取古建筑物的整体结构和形态特性，快速并准确的得到三维点云模型，获取第一手的古建筑资料及档案信息，对古建筑保护工作起到了实质性的推进作用。论文针对基于三维激光扫描仪的古建筑测绘外业数据采集，设计了相关实验方案，分析和研究数据采集的测站数、标靶数及距离对数据扫描结果的影响，得出了设站规律和原则；在点云数据处理中，针对原始点云数据中存在的冗余数据和粗差点，利用粗差的剔除算法编写程序，，实现了点云粗差数据的自动化清除，为数据处理提供了便捷的方法；针对三维建模方法多样性与复杂性的问题进行了几种建模方法的比较和分析，并进行基于有理B样条（NURBS）曲面的模型构建方法研究；针对整个古建筑测绘工作中存在的误差进行分析和评价，得出一些消除和削弱误差的措施以及精度评价方法；最后采用三维激光扫描仪对某古建筑进行一系列的数据采集、数据处理、模型建立与纹理贴图，获得了带有纹理照片的古建筑三维模型，并通过相关误差分析与模型评价，能够达到古建筑测绘的要求。结果表明，本论文研究的工程实际方法和结论对古建筑测绘具有一定的指导意义，证明了三维激光扫描仪在古建筑测绘中有着广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new survey technology in the field of surveying and mapping at present. Its appearance has changed the traditional methods of surveying and mapping of ancient buildings, and it can obtain the whole structure and morphological characteristics of ancient buildings completely. Based on the 3D laser scanner, this paper designs the related experimental scheme, analyzes and studies the influence of the number of data acquisition stations, target number and distance on the data scanning results. In the processing of point cloud data, aiming at the redundant data and rough handicap in the original point cloud data, a program is written by using the algorithm of eliminating gross error to realize the automatic clearing of point cloud gross error data. It provides a convenient method for data processing, compares and analyzes several modeling methods for the diversity and complexity of 3D modeling methods, and studies the modeling method based on rational B-spline (Nurbs) surface. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the errors existing in the surveying and mapping of ancient buildings, some measures to eliminate and weaken the errors and the methods of accuracy evaluation are obtained. Finally, a series of data collection for an ancient building is carried out by using a three-dimensional laser scanner. Data processing, model building and texture mapping are used to obtain the 3D model of ancient architecture with texture photos. Through the error analysis and model evaluation, it can meet the requirements of ancient architecture mapping. The results show that the practical engineering methods and conclusions studied in this paper have certain guiding significance for ancient architectural surveying and mapping. It is proved that the 3D laser scanner has a broad application prospect in ancient architectural surveying and mapping.
【学位授予单位】：长春工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU198;TN249

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