基于图像融合的激光束散角测量及硬件实现

发布时间：2018-07-31 08:54

【摘要】：近年来随着激光技术的发展,以激光为基础的激光光电子技术得到广泛的应用,相应的对激光质量也有了较高的要求,而激光束散角则可以较为准确的评价激光的优劣。但是经由传统仪器测量束散角的方法费时费力,对于应用在武器系统上的激光有一定的局限性,所以本文提出了基于图像融合的激光束散角实时测量方法,通过对算法的仿真及客观参数的上的评价可知此方法的可行性,并在硬件平台上得到实现。本文的主要工作有:首先对传统测量束散角的方法进行了分析对比,指出其不足之处。然后对激光的特性进行了分析,研究了激光束散角测量方法,CCD的基本原理,分析了图像融合的基本原理,根据要求完成了电路的设计工作。然后针对文中激光光斑的特殊性,对CCD采集到的图像进行预处理。通过对预处理方法的对比及图像提取效果的评价,分析出不同方法的优劣,提出了适合于本文光斑图像的圆逼近法。最后通过对CCD线性的分析,寻出适合图像融合的最佳阈值。研究了DSP模块内图像预处理及融合算法的实现,将融合的效果以客观数据的形式展现;得到适合计算的融合图像后将数据送入FPGA模块内完成束散角计算的过程,分析束散角的不确定。通过对以上内容的研究,本文的方法可以实时测量实验平台中的高能多脉冲激光,并且可以将测量范围扩大到数千焦耳,测量精度也达到目标要求。整个流程在所设计的硬件平台上可实现,并满足实时性,即可以在要求的几十毫秒内完成每个脉冲激光束散角的检测。通过图像融合的方法对过饱和及欠饱和的图像进行融合,不仅提高图像的利用率及图像的动态范围,增大激光可测能量的范围,同时提高了激光束散角的测量精度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of laser technology, laser optoelectronic technology based on laser has been widely used, and the quality of laser is also required, and laser beam divergence can be accurately evaluated. However, the method of measuring beam divergence angle by traditional instrument is time-consuming and laborious, which is limited to the laser used in weapon system. Therefore, a real-time measurement method of laser beam divergence angle based on image fusion is proposed in this paper. Through the simulation of the algorithm and the evaluation of the objective parameters, the feasibility of the method is known, and it is realized on the hardware platform. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the traditional method of measuring beam divergence is analyzed and compared, and its shortcomings are pointed out. Then the characteristic of laser is analyzed, the basic principle of CCD is studied, the basic principle of image fusion is analyzed, and the circuit is designed according to the requirement. Then, according to the particularity of laser spot, the image collected by CCD is preprocessed. By comparing the preprocessing methods and evaluating the effect of image extraction, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed, and a circle approximation method suitable for the spot image in this paper is proposed. Finally, through the linear analysis of CCD, the optimal threshold for image fusion is found. This paper studies the realization of image preprocessing and fusion algorithm in DSP module, presents the fusion effect in the form of objective data, obtains the suitable fusion image and sends the data into the FPGA module to complete the calculation of beam divergence. The uncertainty of beam divergence is analyzed. Through the research of the above contents, the method in this paper can measure the high-energy multi-pulse laser in the experimental platform in real time, and can extend the measurement range to thousands of joules, and the measurement precision can also reach the target requirement. The whole process can be realized on the designed hardware platform and meet the real-time requirements, that is, the detection of the divergence angle of each pulse laser beam can be completed in the required tens of milliseconds. The fusion of supersaturated and undersaturated images by image fusion not only improves the utilization ratio of images and the dynamic range of images, increases the range of laser measurable energy, but also improves the measurement accuracy of laser beam divergence angle.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP391.41;TN249

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