多通道单光子探测技术及应用

发布时间：2018-08-25 13:54

【摘要】：单光子探测器是一种超灵敏的光电转换器件,可以检测光的最小能量单位-即单个光子。单光子探测器在微弱荧光检测、天文观测、量子通信、遥感等研究领域发挥着重要作用。但是,由于白光背景干扰,使得传统的单光子探测器极易发生饱和甚至损坏。并且,强背景光计数使探测系统的信噪比急剧恶化,无法有效甄别信号光子。白光噪声在激光通信和测绘应用中尤为突出,成为限制单光子探测技术在这些领域广泛应用的主要技术瓶颈。虽然,硅-雪崩二极管(SiAPD)单光子探测器发展成熟,在400-1000nm波段有良好的探测性能,但是仍旧存在饱和计数率低、无法分辨光子数、日盲紫外波段探测效率低等不足,在抑制白光背景方面仍需深入研究。本文提出了多通道单光子探测方法实现光子数分辨探测,从而提高探测系统饱和计数率,提高抑制背景噪声能力。基于FPGA控制的多通道单光子探测器模块,将多路SiAPD集中封装在同一模块中,通过FPGA编程控制产生SiAPD主动抑制电路所需的抑制和重置逻辑信号,并且通过FPGA采集计数脉冲,完成光子数分辨探测,从而大幅提高了多通道探测器的集成性能。另一方面,日盲紫外波段在近地环境中处于近似暗室环境,发展日盲紫外波段单光子探测技术,有助于消除白光背景噪声干扰。本文基于SiAPD单光子探测器,提出一种光学增强吸收结构,在不改变SiAPD器件结构的前提下,可以将SiAPD单光子探测器在日盲紫外波段的探测效率从4.5%提升至10%。该方法在不改变现有SiAPD器件结构的基础上,提升了紫外探测性能,可支持日盲紫外波段背景光抑制的单光子探测应用研究。本文实验演示了基于多通道单光子探测模块的自由空间激光通信,展现了集成单光子探测与光子数分辨为一体的多通道单光子探测模块在抑制背景噪声的优势,解决了单光子探测技术三维激光成像和自由空间激光通信等领域的应用限制。
[Abstract]:Single photon detector is a super-sensitive photoelectric conversion device, which can detect the minimum energy unit of light, that is, single photon. Single photon detectors play an important role in the fields of weak fluorescence detection, astronomical observation, quantum communication and remote sensing. However, due to white background interference, traditional single-photon detectors are prone to saturation and even damage. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detection system is rapidly deteriorated by strong background light counting, which can not effectively identify the signal photons. White light noise is particularly prominent in laser communication and mapping applications, and has become the main technical bottleneck limiting the wide application of single-photon detection technology in these fields. Although the silicon-avalanche diode (SiAPD) single photon detector is mature and has good detection performance in the 400-1000nm band, it still has some shortcomings, such as low saturation counting rate, indistinguishable photon number, and low detection efficiency in the solar blind ultraviolet band. The suppression of white background still needs further study. In this paper, a multi-channel single-photon detection method is proposed to realize the photon digital resolution detection, which can improve the saturation counting rate of the detection system and the ability to suppress background noise. The multi-channel single-photon detector module controlled by FPGA encapsulates the multi-channel SiAPD in the same module, and generates the suppression and reset logic signals required by the SiAPD active suppression circuit through FPGA programming, and collects the counting pulse through FPGA. The integrated performance of multichannel detectors is greatly improved by completing photon digital resolution detection. On the other hand, the sun-blind ultraviolet band is in the near dark room environment in the near earth environment. The development of the single-photon detection technology in the solar blind ultraviolet band is helpful to eliminate the white background noise interference. Based on SiAPD single photon detector, an optical enhanced absorption structure is proposed. Without changing the structure of SiAPD device, the detection efficiency of SiAPD single photon detector in solar blind ultraviolet band can be increased from 4.5% to 10%. This method improves the UV detection performance without changing the existing SiAPD device structure, and can support the application of single-photon detection in the solar blind ultraviolet band background light suppression. In this paper, the free-space laser communication based on multi-channel single-photon detection module is demonstrated experimentally, and the advantages of multi-channel single-photon detection module which integrates single-photon detection and photon number resolution in suppressing background noise are demonstrated. The application limitation of single photon detection technology in 3D laser imaging and free space laser communication is solved.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN15

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