S波段相对论速调管高效率微波提取技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-05 20:27
【摘要】：相对论速调管放大器(Relativistic Klystron Amplifier,RKA)是一种输出功率在吉瓦(GigaWatt,GW)量级的微波器件,其电子束产生、束波互作用、微波提取、电子束收集是在不同区域中完成的,具有高功率、高增益、高效率、幅度和相位稳定的特点,广泛应用于通信、雷达、微波武器等领域,具有极大的军用和民用前景。目前国内设计的RKA的微波提取效率还比较低,为获得较高的输出功率,通常是给阴极提供很大的发射电压和电流,这需要性能更高的加速器。因此,设计出微波提取效率更高的RKA不仅能够提高输出功率,而且有利于减小系统体积和重量。输出腔对于RKA的效率有重要影响。输出腔提取效率的高低,直接影响整管的效率。本论文主要研究了S波段的RKA输出腔,推导了输出腔的电子效率计算式,设计了双间隙输出腔和单间隙输出腔模型,计算了高频特性和粒子模拟。最后设计了二次提取腔,并进行了粒子模拟仿真。本论文的主要研究内容如下:首先分析了输出腔的等效电路模型。以一维电子圆盘模型大信号理论为基础,推导了输出腔束波转换效率关系式,重点分析了单间隙输出腔和双间隙输出腔的电子效率表达式,并分析了多个变量对电子效率的影响。利用常规大功率速调管放大器的设计思路,分析了RKA输出腔主要性能指标及参数选取,包括直流电子束参数、电子束聚焦参量、谐振腔的参数等。研究了双间隙和单间隙输出腔的封闭腔高频特性,分别计算了本征模谐振频率及场分布,之后对封闭腔开了耦合孔,设计出了双间隙输出腔、单间隙输出腔的开放腔,计算了它们谐振频率、场分布、有载Q值(LQ)及特性阻抗R/Q等参数。利用粒子模拟程序,对双间隙输出腔的封闭腔和开放腔分别进行了模拟,观察了一些高频特性及微波提取情况,分析了双间隙提取腔对电子束提取后电子束剩余能量的分布。根据电子束剩余的能量确定了电压值并利用此电压作为重要参量设计了单间隙输出腔,分析了其冷腔及热腔特性。最后设计了一种二次提取腔,并对此结构进行了PIC模拟和优化。模拟结果表明,利用电压和电流分别为900keV、7.5kA的电子束,电流调制深度100%,外加1.2T的轴向引导磁场,模拟得到微波功率3.5GW,其中,初级提取腔输出功率值为2.5GW,次级提取腔输出功率值为1.0GW,总的提取效率约52%。
[Abstract]:Relativistic klystron amplifier (Relativistic Klystron Amplifier,RKA) is a kind of microwave device whose output power is in the order of GigaWatt,GW. Its electron beam generation, beam wave interaction, microwave extraction, and electron beam collection are completed in different regions, with high power and high gain. High efficiency, stable amplitude and phase, widely used in communications, radar, microwave weapons and other fields, has a great military and civil prospects. At present, the microwave extraction efficiency of RKA designed in China is still low. In order to obtain higher output power, the cathode is usually provided with large emission voltage and current, which requires a higher performance accelerator. Therefore, the RKA with higher microwave extraction efficiency can not only increase the output power, but also reduce the volume and weight of the system. The output cavity has an important effect on the efficiency of RKA. The extraction efficiency of the output cavity directly affects the efficiency of the whole tube. In this paper, the RKA output cavity in S-band is studied, the electronic efficiency of the output cavity is deduced, the two-gap output cavity and the single-gap output cavity model are designed, the high frequency characteristic and particle simulation are calculated. At last, the second extraction cavity is designed, and the particle simulation is carried out. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: firstly, the equivalent circuit model of output cavity is analyzed. Based on the large signal theory of one-dimensional electronic disk model, the expression of beam conversion efficiency of output cavity is derived, and the expressions of electronic efficiency of single-gap output cavity and double-gap output cavity are analyzed. The influence of several variables on the electron efficiency is analyzed. Based on the design idea of conventional high power klystron amplifier, the main performance indexes and parameters selection of RKA output cavity are analyzed, including DC electron beam parameters, electron beam focusing parameters, resonant cavity parameters, etc. The high frequency characteristics of the closed cavity with two gaps and one gap are studied. The intrinsic mode resonance frequency and the field distribution are calculated respectively. After that, the coupling holes are opened to the closed cavity, and the open cavity with double gap output cavity and single gap output cavity is designed. The resonant frequency, field distribution, loaded Q value (LQ) and characteristic impedance R / Q are calculated. By using particle simulation program, the closed cavity and open cavity of double-gap output cavity were simulated, and some high frequency characteristics and microwave extraction were observed, and the distribution of residual energy of electron beam after extraction of electron beam in two-gap cavity was analyzed. Based on the residual energy of the electron beam, the voltage value is determined and the single gap output cavity is designed by using the voltage as an important parameter. The characteristics of the cold cavity and the thermal cavity are analyzed. Finally, a secondary extraction cavity is designed, and the structure is simulated and optimized by PIC. The simulation results show that the microwave power of 3.5 GW can be obtained by using the electron beam with a voltage and current of 900keV and 7.5kA respectively, the current modulation depth is 100, and the axial guiding magnetic field of 1.2 T is applied to simulate the microwave power. The output power of primary extraction cavity and secondary extraction cavity is 2.5 GW and 1.0 GW respectively, and the total extraction efficiency is about 522GW.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN122
本文编号：2225376
[Abstract]:Relativistic klystron amplifier (Relativistic Klystron Amplifier,RKA) is a kind of microwave device whose output power is in the order of GigaWatt,GW. Its electron beam generation, beam wave interaction, microwave extraction, and electron beam collection are completed in different regions, with high power and high gain. High efficiency, stable amplitude and phase, widely used in communications, radar, microwave weapons and other fields, has a great military and civil prospects. At present, the microwave extraction efficiency of RKA designed in China is still low. In order to obtain higher output power, the cathode is usually provided with large emission voltage and current, which requires a higher performance accelerator. Therefore, the RKA with higher microwave extraction efficiency can not only increase the output power, but also reduce the volume and weight of the system. The output cavity has an important effect on the efficiency of RKA. The extraction efficiency of the output cavity directly affects the efficiency of the whole tube. In this paper, the RKA output cavity in S-band is studied, the electronic efficiency of the output cavity is deduced, the two-gap output cavity and the single-gap output cavity model are designed, the high frequency characteristic and particle simulation are calculated. At last, the second extraction cavity is designed, and the particle simulation is carried out. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: firstly, the equivalent circuit model of output cavity is analyzed. Based on the large signal theory of one-dimensional electronic disk model, the expression of beam conversion efficiency of output cavity is derived, and the expressions of electronic efficiency of single-gap output cavity and double-gap output cavity are analyzed. The influence of several variables on the electron efficiency is analyzed. Based on the design idea of conventional high power klystron amplifier, the main performance indexes and parameters selection of RKA output cavity are analyzed, including DC electron beam parameters, electron beam focusing parameters, resonant cavity parameters, etc. The high frequency characteristics of the closed cavity with two gaps and one gap are studied. The intrinsic mode resonance frequency and the field distribution are calculated respectively. After that, the coupling holes are opened to the closed cavity, and the open cavity with double gap output cavity and single gap output cavity is designed. The resonant frequency, field distribution, loaded Q value (LQ) and characteristic impedance R / Q are calculated. By using particle simulation program, the closed cavity and open cavity of double-gap output cavity were simulated, and some high frequency characteristics and microwave extraction were observed, and the distribution of residual energy of electron beam after extraction of electron beam in two-gap cavity was analyzed. Based on the residual energy of the electron beam, the voltage value is determined and the single gap output cavity is designed by using the voltage as an important parameter. The characteristics of the cold cavity and the thermal cavity are analyzed. Finally, a secondary extraction cavity is designed, and the structure is simulated and optimized by PIC. The simulation results show that the microwave power of 3.5 GW can be obtained by using the electron beam with a voltage and current of 900keV and 7.5kA respectively, the current modulation depth is 100, and the axial guiding magnetic field of 1.2 T is applied to simulate the microwave power. The output power of primary extraction cavity and secondary extraction cavity is 2.5 GW and 1.0 GW respectively, and the total extraction efficiency is about 522GW.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN122
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