金属目标的毫米波辐射特性与成像特征分析
发布时间：2018-09-08 18:53
【摘要】：随着时代发展信息科技也不断发展,对金属目标的探测与识别无论在军用还是民用领域一直都属于重要的研究方向。被动毫米波因其波段优势,能在烟、雾、尘等恶劣环境下辨别金属目标,且隐蔽性强,现阶段在灵敏弹药精确制导以及地面装甲目标侦查与反侦查方面取得了广泛应用。一般而言,现实中的金属目标均具有复杂的立体结构,相较于平面目标有更复杂的辐射反射路径,且其毫米波辐射图像有更加混叠的边缘不易提取其特征。本文针对立体金属目标的上述特点展开研究,主要研究工作如下:(1)系统地分析了毫米波辐射的基本原理、毫米波辐射计系统和辐射计的定标方法。利用不同的环境参数、大气参数、介电常数、物理几何特性等对天空、水泥地背景在3mm和8mm波段的辐射特性进行了理论仿真,为金属立体目标辐射特性建模建立了背景基础。(2)根据毫米波辐射测量的基本原理,以传统的金属平面目标辐射特性的理论模型为基础,从规则的金属立体目标着手,采用面元分割法和射线追踪法,对水泥地背景下的立体金属目标进行了建模分析,得到其视在温度的一维曲线。使用3mm和8mm辐射计对其辐射特性进行测量,验证了对金属立体目标辐射路径规划的有效性。并采用网格法实测了金属球和金属柱的毫米波辐射图像。(3)对不同背景环境,如崇明岛海域的海面背景、校内水泥地背景以及吸波材料背景下的典型形状金属目标进行了固定点位的辐射特性测量,分析了具体立体结构对目标辐射特性的影响。进一步地,针对不同陆地背景下(草地、沙地、水泥地)复杂金属立体目标进行了外场辐射成像实验,并结合活动轮廓模型算法提取了目标的边缘信息。同时,根据目标图像边缘特征特性提出了一种快速提取目标特征的算法,结果表明该算法能够有效地提取目标特征信息。对具有典型立体结构的金属目标的建模分析、校内实验室实测、外场不同背景实测(不同类型陆地以及崇明岛海域海面)的研究工作为下一步金属立体目标识别与动态追踪提供了理论与数据支撑。
[Abstract]:With the development of information technology, the detection and recognition of metal targets has always been an important research direction in both military and civil fields. Passive millimeter-wave is widely used in sensitive ammunition precision guidance and ground armor target detection and counter-detection because of its advantage in wave band and it can distinguish metal targets in smoke fog dust and other harsh environments and has strong concealment. In general, metal objects in reality have complex three-dimensional structures, which have more complex radiation reflection paths than planar targets, and it is difficult to extract features of millimeter wave radiation images with more overlapping edges. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the basic principle of millimeter wave radiation, the calibration method of millimeter wave radiometer system and the calibration method of millimeter wave radiometer are systematically analyzed. The radiation characteristics of the sky and cement background in 3mm and 8mm bands are simulated by using different environmental parameters, atmospheric parameters, dielectric constant and physical geometric characteristics. The background foundation for modeling the radiation characteristics of metallic stereoscopic targets is established. (2) according to the basic principle of millimeter-wave radiation measurement, based on the traditional theoretical model of radiation characteristics of metal planar targets, the regular solid targets are introduced. The solid metal object in cement ground is modeled and analyzed by means of plane partition method and ray tracing method, and the one-dimensional curve of apparent temperature is obtained. 3mm and 8mm radiometers are used to measure the radiation characteristics, which verifies the effectiveness of radiation path planning for metallic stereoscopic targets. The millimeter wave radiation images of metal balls and metal columns are measured by grid method. (3) the sea surface background of different background environments, such as Chongming Island, is studied. The radiation characteristics of metal targets with typical shape under the background of cement ground and absorbing materials were measured at fixed points and the effects of concrete solid structures on the radiation characteristics of the targets were analyzed. Furthermore, the outfield radiation imaging experiments were carried out for complex metal objects in different land backgrounds (grassland, sand, cement), and the edge information of the target was extracted by using active contour model algorithm. At the same time, according to the feature characteristics of target image edge, a fast algorithm for extracting target features is proposed. The results show that the algorithm can extract target feature information effectively. Modeling and Analysis of Metal objects with typical Stereoscopic structure, Laboratory measurements, The research work of different background measurements (different types of land and sea surface of Chongming Island) provides theoretical and data support for the next step of metal stereoscopic target recognition and dynamic tracking.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN015
[Abstract]:With the development of information technology, the detection and recognition of metal targets has always been an important research direction in both military and civil fields. Passive millimeter-wave is widely used in sensitive ammunition precision guidance and ground armor target detection and counter-detection because of its advantage in wave band and it can distinguish metal targets in smoke fog dust and other harsh environments and has strong concealment. In general, metal objects in reality have complex three-dimensional structures, which have more complex radiation reflection paths than planar targets, and it is difficult to extract features of millimeter wave radiation images with more overlapping edges. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the basic principle of millimeter wave radiation, the calibration method of millimeter wave radiometer system and the calibration method of millimeter wave radiometer are systematically analyzed. The radiation characteristics of the sky and cement background in 3mm and 8mm bands are simulated by using different environmental parameters, atmospheric parameters, dielectric constant and physical geometric characteristics. The background foundation for modeling the radiation characteristics of metallic stereoscopic targets is established. (2) according to the basic principle of millimeter-wave radiation measurement, based on the traditional theoretical model of radiation characteristics of metal planar targets, the regular solid targets are introduced. The solid metal object in cement ground is modeled and analyzed by means of plane partition method and ray tracing method, and the one-dimensional curve of apparent temperature is obtained. 3mm and 8mm radiometers are used to measure the radiation characteristics, which verifies the effectiveness of radiation path planning for metallic stereoscopic targets. The millimeter wave radiation images of metal balls and metal columns are measured by grid method. (3) the sea surface background of different background environments, such as Chongming Island, is studied. The radiation characteristics of metal targets with typical shape under the background of cement ground and absorbing materials were measured at fixed points and the effects of concrete solid structures on the radiation characteristics of the targets were analyzed. Furthermore, the outfield radiation imaging experiments were carried out for complex metal objects in different land backgrounds (grassland, sand, cement), and the edge information of the target was extracted by using active contour model algorithm. At the same time, according to the feature characteristics of target image edge, a fast algorithm for extracting target features is proposed. The results show that the algorithm can extract target feature information effectively. Modeling and Analysis of Metal objects with typical Stereoscopic structure, Laboratory measurements, The research work of different background measurements (different types of land and sea surface of Chongming Island) provides theoretical and data support for the next step of metal stereoscopic target recognition and dynamic tracking.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN015
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