基于激光测距的核电钢锭几何尺寸测量系统的研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 21:50

【摘要】：电力能源在国民经济发展中占据着极其重要的地位,而核电作为新型电能在经济发展中扮演的角色越来越重要。核电冷却管道作为核电建设中的重要部件,具有形状复杂、生产工序多、产周期长、原料成本高和生产能耗多等特点。鞍钢锻造厂目前核电冷却管道生产中的测量手段多为人工测量,人工测量高温钢锭尺寸的准确度不高,导致核电冷却管道原料的使用率降低,废品率提高;同时,人工反复测量费时多,会导致现场生产时错过核电钢锭的最佳锻造温度,锻造温度范围变窄,生产周期加长,造成煤气、电和水资源的浪费,增加单位核电产品的生产费用。需要提高核电钢锭的测量准确性,减少甚至避免由于重复测量错过的最佳时机。因此,本文采用激光发射装置对生产中的热态钢锭在每道工序前及工序后的长度、截面半径尺寸和分段点定位的信息进行无接触的测量可以有效消除人工测量的缺点,达到保证产品质量,提高生产效率的目的。本文采用直角坐标运动执行机构,通过激光线投射到需要测量的热态核电钢锭被测段两端,将对核电钢锭长度及定位点的测量转化为两激光线移动距离;通过旋转的激光测距仪,将核电冷却管道截面直径信息转化为被测钢锭截面边缘几何函数问题,将测量得到的边缘点在截面所在平面中相对于激光测距仪的二维距离信息。再根据各测量点的分布趋势,采用最小二乘法拟合出截面几何形状函数,进而可以得到被测部位的半径。通过生产过程中采用激光发射装置对热态核电钢锭的长度、半径、定位点的确定,提高了核电冷却管道生产的成品率,缩短核电冷却管道的生产周期,同时降低核定管道的单位产品的成本。通过激光测量装置掌握钢锭的外形几何尺寸可以确定生产工序是否可以顺利进行,同时可以缩短核电冷却管道的生产周期,提高产品的成品率,降低原材料、水、电、煤气以及劳动力等资源的浪费。
[Abstract]:Power energy plays an extremely important role in the development of national economy, and nuclear power plays a more and more important role in economic development as a new type of electric energy. As an important part of nuclear power construction, the cooling pipeline of nuclear power has the characteristics of complex shape, many production processes, long production cycle, high raw material cost and high production energy consumption. At present, most of the measurement methods in the production of nuclear cooling pipeline in Angang forging Plant are manual measurement. The accuracy of manual measurement of the size of high temperature ingot is not high, which leads to the reduction of the utilization rate of raw materials for cooling pipeline of nuclear power plant, and the increase of waste rate, at the same time, The repeated measurement will lead to missed the best forging temperature of nuclear ingots, narrow the range of forging temperature, prolong the production cycle, cause waste of gas, electricity and water resources, and increase the production cost of unit nuclear power products. It is necessary to improve the measuring accuracy of nuclear ingots and to reduce or even avoid the missed optimal time due to repeated measurements. Therefore, in this paper, the laser emitter is used to measure the length, section radius and location information of hot ingots before and after each working procedure, which can effectively eliminate the shortcoming of manual measurement. Achieve the purpose of ensuring product quality and improving production efficiency. In this paper, the rectangular coordinate actuator is used to project the laser line to the two ends of the hot nuclear ingot to be measured. The measurement of the length and the position point of the nuclear ingot is transformed into the distance between the two laser lines. By rotating laser rangefinder, the section diameter information of nuclear cooling pipeline is transformed into the geometry function of the measured ingot section edge, and the 2-D distance information of the measured edge point in the plane of the section is compared with that of the laser rangefinder. According to the distribution trend of each measuring point, the section geometric shape function is fitted by least square method, and the radius of the measured position can be obtained. By using laser emitter to determine the length, radius and location point of hot nuclear power ingot, the finished product rate of nuclear power cooling pipeline is improved, and the production cycle of nuclear power cooling pipe is shortened. At the same time reduce the unit product cost of approved pipeline. By using laser measuring device to master the shape and size of steel ingot, we can determine whether the production process can be carried out smoothly, at the same time, we can shorten the production cycle of nuclear power cooling pipeline, improve the product yield, reduce raw material, water and electricity. Waste of resources such as gas and labor.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH744.5

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